Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

chemistry > chemistry topic 5 fuels > Flashcards

chemistry topic 5 fuels Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

elements combined together in propane

A

hydrogen and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

word equation for complete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why are fuels burned?

A

they release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what product is formed when there is incomplete combustion?

A

carbon monoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what’s cracking?

A

when larger less useful hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller more useful ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

two substances that cause acid rain

A

sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

two environmental problems caused by acid rain

A

acid rain removed waxy layer in leaves (causes water loss and death)

sulphuric and nitric acids are strong. they donate protons which attack gills of fish and other aquatic life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

acid rain can cause weathering in two materials most at risk

A

limestone and marble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

order of fractional distillation

A
  1. gases (heating and cooking)
  2. petrol (fuel for cars)
  3. kerosene (fuel for aircraft engines)
  4. diesel (fuel for diesel engines - cars, lorries, trains)
  5. fuel oil (ships and power stations)
  6. bitumen (surface roads and roofs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the acrostic u made for the order of fractional distillation

A

girls put keys down for boys
(don’t ask)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do fractional distillation fractions consist of

A

hydrocarbons of similar chain lengths
hydrocarbons of similar properties and boiling points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the temperature change in the fractional distillation column

A

cool at the top

hot at the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

process of fractional distillation to separate crude oil

A

crude oil enters fractionating column and is heated so vapours rise

vapours of hydrocarbons with very high boiling points condense into liquid immediately and are tapped off at the bottom of the column

low boiling points rise up and condense at the top to be tapped off

they condense at different heights according to boiling points and are tapped off as liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which hydrocarbons are collected at the top of the fractionating column

A

smaller hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which hydrocarbons are collected at the lower sections of the fractionating column

A

bigger hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what bonds do alkanes have

A

single

17
Q

chemical properties

A

boiling point - intermolecular forces of attraction are greater
need more energy to break
increase boiling point

viscosity - ease of flow of liquid
high viscosity - thick and flow less easily
viscosity also increases with increasing chain length

ease of ignition - smaller hydrocarbons are more flammable
good for fuels (more energy when they burn)

18
Q

examples of fossil fuels

A

coal, oil, natural gas, oil shales

19
Q

what does burning of fossil fuels release

A

carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxide of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur

20
Q

complete combustion occurs when there is what

A

excess oxygen

21
Q

why is carbon monoxide toxic

A

it binds with haemoglobin in red blood cells so it moves carbon monoxide around ur body instead of oxygen

u go unconscious and die

22
Q

simple molecules

A

covalent bonds
weak intermolecular forces
low boiling and melting point
poor conductor of electricity
often a gas or liquid at room temp

23
Q

polymer chains

A

covalent bonds
many weak intermolecular forces over long molecules
solid at room temp
poor conductor of electricity

24
Q

alkenes have what

A

double bonds

25
Q

saturated hydrocarbons contain what

A

single bonds

26
Q

unsaturated hydrocarbons contain what

A

double bonds

27
Q

methanoic acid formula

A

HCOOH

28
Q

ethan ooc acid formula

A

CH3COOH

29
Q

propanoic acod formula

A

C2H5COOH

30
Q

butanoic acid formula

A

C3H7COOH

31
Q

carboxylic acid reaction

A

metal + carboxylic acid -> salt + hydrogen (MASH)

32
Q

catalytic converters are designed to what

A

reduce polluting gases produced in car exhausts

they contain transition metal catalysts
a series of redox reactions occur which neutralise the pollutant gases

carbon monoxide is oxidised to carbon dioxide
unburned hydrocarbons are oxidised to CO2 and water

33
Q

why is cracking necessary

A

to convert fractions with less demands into more useful ones

34
Q

what is bromine test

A

if it is an alkane then bromine stays orange

if it is alkene, bromine goes colourless

35
Q

what is a polymer

A

a substance of high relative molecular mass made up of small repeating units

36
Q

what’s a natural polymer

A

DNA

37
Q

what are proteins

A

polymers based on amino acids

chemistry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions