CHEMISTRY TOPIC 2 Flashcards
whats an ion
When an atom loses or gains an electron
Why doesnt group 3,4,5 form ions easily?
Because it requires too much energy
What is an ionic bond
A bond that forms when two oppositely charged ions are attracted and so bond together
What is an electrostatic force?
It is a force that attracts oppositely charged ions
What is the ionic compound formula for a hydroxide ion?
Hydroxine ion = OH -
What is the ionic compound formula for a SULFATE ion?
Sulfate ion = So4 (2-)
What is the ionic compound formula for a NITRATE ion?
Nitrate ion = No3 -
What is the ionic compound formula for a CARBONATE ion?
CO3 (2-)
What is the ionic compound formula for a AMONIUM ion?
Amonium = NH4 +
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High MP and BP
Conducts electricity
High strength bonds / Strong bonds
What form do ionic compounds conduct electricity and why
Ionic compounds only conduct electricity in liquid/molten or aqueous form because
the ions move freely and carry a charge
How are ionic compounds arranged?
Arranged so that it creates an overall neutral charge
What is a covalent bond?
Sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms
What is an ionic compound
The electrostatic force of attraction between a positively charged metal ion and a negatively charged non-metal ion.
Draw the displayed formula of Ammonia NH3
What is a drawback of the 3d model?
Hard to predict its shape
MAKE FLASHCARDS ON TYPES OF COVALENT STRUCUTERS
SIMPLE MOELCURLAR
What is a simple molecular substance?
Small molecules made of a few covalently bonded atoms
{Seperate molecules are joined together by weak intermolecular forces
such as two chlorine atoms }
What are 2 properties of covalent bonds?
Strong
Requires lots of energy to break them
What temperature is needed to break the intermolecular forces of simple molecular substances?
Only needs a low temperature to melt or boil as their intermolecular forces are weak
What happens to attraction when they are more intermolecular bonds ?
More intermolecular bones the stronger the attraction
What properties are discovered when going down group 7
As we go down the group: The molecules are bigger so more intermolecular forces so more energy needed to break them MP and BP Increases
What are the properties of simple molecular substances?
Doesn’t conduct electricity / because there are no free electrons and the molecules themselves have no electric charge
Normally gas at room temp because of their weak intermolecular forces
Describe giant molecular substances
Made of lots of non-metal atoms
All bonded together by Covalent bonds
Arranged in regular lattice structure - [ so are stronger than simples molecular substances and have higher MP & BP]
Give some examples of giant covalent structures
Diamond
Graphite
Silicon Dioxide
What are the properties of Giant covalent structures?
Strong
High MP & BP because of their strong covalent bonds
Doesn’t conduct electricity as they don’t have any charged particles
Can Graphite conduct electricity and why?
Yes, because it only each carbon atom is only bonded to three other atoms
meaning it has 1 free delocalised electron, which can move and carries a charge
What is silicon dioxide?
Made of silicon and oxygen
It’s a giant molecular substance
