Cell bio B1

Question 1

What is the light microscopes maximum magnification and resolving power

Answer 1

Magnification to x2000

resolving power of 200nm

Question 2

What is the maximum magnification of an electron microscope?

Answer 2

They can magnify up to about x2,000,000

Resolving power of 0.2nm

Question 3

What is the Magnification equation?

Answer 3

Magnification = Size of image / Size of real object

Question 4

What type of cell is an animal cell and what does it mean

Answer 4

An animal cell is eukaryotic meaning its genetic material (DNA) is enclosed in its nucleus

Question 5

What is a nucleus?

Answer 5

Holds the genetic material of an organism

Question 6

What is a cytoplasm

Answer 6

Its where chemical reactions take place

Question 7

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 7

Controls molecules that enter + leave the cell

Question 8

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 8

Aerobic respiration takes place here

Question 9

What is a ribosomes function?

Answer 9

Sites of protein synthesis

and its the smallest organelle of an organism

Question 10

What structures do plant cells have that animals dont?

Answer 10

Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Permanent Vacuole

Question 11

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 11

They contain chlorophyll and sites of photosynthesis

Question 12

What is a cell wall ?

Answer 12

Made of cellulose and strengthens the cell

Question 13

What is the permanent vacuole for in plants?

Answer 13

Its filled with cell cap to help the plant cell by giving it shape

Question 14

What’s a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 14

A type of cell which doesn’t have a nucleus / doesn’t contain its genetic material in its nucleus
Instead, its genetic material is enclosed in the plasmid and single loop of DNA

Question 15

Which is smaller prokaryotic cells

or eukaryotic cells?

Answer 15

Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells

Question 16

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 16

Bacteria

Question 17

What is animal cell specialisation?

Answer 17

When an animal cell has adaptations to carry out its particular function

Question 18

What do scientists call cells that become specialised?

Answer 18

Differentation

Question 19

How are sperm cells are specialised (adapted)

Answer 19

Long streamlined tails for swimming
Lots of mitochondria to provide it for swimming
Contains digestive enzymes to break through the outer layer of an egg cell

Question 20

What do nerve cells do?

And how are nerve cells specialised?

Answer 20

Dendrites - increase the surface area so other nerve cells can connect easier
Mylin - Insulates the axon to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses
Axon - carries electrical impulses from one part of the body to another part of the body
Synapses - Junctions/gaps allowing impulses to pass from one nerve to the other

Question 21

How are muscle cells specialised (adapted)?

Answer 21

Muscle cells have protein fibres to change their length / allowing the cells to get shorter

They have mitochondria to provide it with energy for muscle contraction

Question 22

How are root hair cells specialised?

Answer 22

Hairs on root hairs increase the surface area so it can absorb water + dissolved minerals more effectively
Lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport

Question 23

How are xylem specialsied?

Answer 23

Contains the chemical lignin to support the plant
Lignin causes the end walls to die so they allow for a long hollow tube to allow water + dissolved minerals to flow easier

Question 24

How are phloem cells specialised

Answer 24

no nucleus and limited cytoplasm
Sieve tubes
These features allow dissolved sugars to move through of the cell

Question 25

What is diffusion?

Answer 25

Spreading out of particles of any substance, in solution or a the random movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 26

What is the rate of diffusion affected by?

Answer 26

Difference in concentrations
The temperature
Surface area

Question 27

What type of substances move by diffusion

Answer 27

Dissolved substances
such as glucose, urea , gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

{These substances move in and out of cells by diffusion}

Question 27

What type of substances move by diffusion

Answer 27

Dissolved substances
such as glucose, urea , gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

{These substances move in and out of cells by diffusion}

Question 28

What is osmosis?

Answer 28

Type of diffusion; It is the movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane that allows water to pass

Question 29

What does the term isotonic mean

Answer 29

a solution with the same water concentration as inside a the cel

Question 30

What does the term hypertonic mean?

Answer 30

The solution that is more concentrated (has more dissolved solute and less water)

Question 31

What does the term hyoptonic mean?

Answer 31

The solution that is more dilute (has less dissolved solute and has more water)