Question 1

Thermodynamics

Accepted Answer

Help determine whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous.

Question 2

Spontaneous

Accepted Answer

If under a given set of conditions it can occur, by itself, without outside assistance. A spontaneous reaction may or may not proceed to completion, depending upon the rate of the reaction, which is determined by chemical kinetics.

Question 3

System

Accepted Answer

Particular part of the universe being studied.

Question 4

Surroundings

Accepted Answer

Everything outside the environment.

Question 5

Isolated System

Accepted Answer

It cannot exchange energy or matter with the surroundings, as with an insulated bomb reactor.

Question 6

Closed System

Accepted Answer

It can exchange energy but not matter with the surroundings, as with a steam radiator.

Question 7

Open System

Accepted Answer

It can exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings, as with a pot of boiling water.

Question 8

Process

Accepted Answer

A system undergoes a process when one or more of its properties change. A process is associated with a change of state.

Question 9

Isothermal Process

Accepted Answer

Occurs when the temperature of the system remains constant.

Question 10

Adiabatic Process

Accepted Answer

Occurs when no heat exchange occurs.

Question 11

Isobaric Process

Accepted Answer

Occurs when the pressure of the system remains constant.

Question 12

Heat

Accepted Answer

Form of energy that can easily transfer to or form a system as the result of a temperature difference between the system and its surroundings; this transfer will occur spontaneously from a warmer system to a cooler system. According to convention, heat absorbed by a system (from its surroundings) is considered positive, while heat lose by a system (to its surroundings) is considered negative.

Question 13

Calorimetry

Accepted Answer

Measures heat changes.

Question 14

Constant-Volume and Constant-Pressure Calorimetry

Accepted Answer

Terms used to indicate the conditions under which the heat changes are measured.

Question 15

Equation for Specific Heat

Accepted Answer

q = mcdeltaT ``` q = heat m = mass c = specific heat deltaT = change in temperature ``` This can only be used when the phase remains the same. If there's a phase change, you must calculate the heat during transformation using the equation q = mL, where L is either heat of fusion or vaporization, depending on whether you are interchanging solid and liquid or liquid and gas respectively.

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Chemistry: Thermochemistry Flashcards

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