Chemistry - The Atomic Model

Question 1

What is the nucleus?

Answer 1

A very small and dense part at the centre of the atom. It contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons.

Question 2

What is the charge of the nucleus?

Answer 2

Positive

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

Positively charged nucleons with a mass of 1 a.m.u.

Question 4

Equal but opposite to the charge of a proton

Answer 4

Electron (Negative charge)

Question 5

Neutron

Answer 5

Same size as proton and has a mass of 1 a.m.u. No charge.

Question 6

Electron

Answer 6

Negatively charged, with a very small mass.

Question 7

In a neutral atom, the number of _____ is equal to the number of _______.

Answer 7

… protons … electrons …

Question 8

A.m.u.

Answer 8

Atomic Mass Units - mass of atomic particles since they are not measured in grams

Question 9

Atomic Number (Z)

Answer 9

Number of protons in an atom, thus in a neutral atom it would show the number of electrons as well

Question 10

Relative Atomic Mass (A)

Answer 10

Number of Nucleons in an Atom
Protons + Neutrons
Thus, A - Z = Number of Neutrons

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

These are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Most atoms have two or more of these

Question 12

What is Electron Configuration?

Answer 12

The way in which electrons are arranged in energy levels around the nucleus

Question 13

In what do electrons move around the nucleus in?

Answer 13

Energy Levels

Question 14

Why are electrons grouped in a specific energy level?

Answer 14

They have that specific amount of energy

Question 15

What does the distance of an electron from the nucleus tell us about its energy?

Answer 15

The further the electron is from the nucleus, the more energy.

Question 16

How do electrons move through energy levels?

Answer 16

They absorb or lose energy, thus moving up or down respectively

Question 17

What is the ground state?

Answer 17

The lowest energy level

Question 18

The s-subshell

Answer 18

1 orbital that has a spherical shape

Question 19

The p-subshell

Answer 19

3 p-orbitals which are all hourglass shapes. They are labelled Px, Py & Pz, respectively.

Question 20

How many electrons can a single orbital hold?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Answer 21

Only 2 electrons fit in an orbital

Question 22

Hund’s Rule

Answer 22

If an electron can be alone, it prefers to do so

Question 23

Periodic Law

Answer 23

Physical and Chemical Properties of the elements vary periodically with increasing atomic mass