Chemistry - Chemical Bonding Flashcards
How do unstable atoms become stable?
- Lose or gain electrons (forming cations or anions)
- Sharing valence electrons
What is Ionic Bonding?
Chemical bonding that occurs between metals and non-metal atoms. The metal atom lose electrons and forms a cation and the non-metal gains electrons, forming anions
Why do Ionic solids have a high melting and boiling point?
The ions are strongly attracted to one another and it requires a lot of energy to separate the ions.
Why are ionic solids brittle?
Because
Why do ionic solids not conduct electricity?
Strong attraction between the ions means that they will not move, thus unable to conduct an electrical current.
Do molten ionic substances and ionic solutions (dissolved in water) conduct electricity?
Yes, because the ions are free to move
Anions
Negatively charged, since they gained electrons
Cations
Positively charged, since they lost electrons
Covalent Bonding
Atoms fill up their outermost energy level by sharing electrons.
What does a covalent bond result in?
A molecule
Diatomic Molecules
Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Flourine (Fl2) & Chlorine (Cl2)
Why do the valence electrons of a metallic bond become delocalised?
The atoms are very tightly packed, thus the valence electrons don’t spin around any particular atom and are free to move.
What does the metallic lattice consist of?
Positive metal cations surrounded by negative delocalised electrons
Are metallic lattices malleable or ductile?
Yes, they are bent and stretched to form long wire.
Doo metallic lattices conduct electricity well?
Yes, they always do.
What is the reason that a metallic lattice can always conduct electricity?
The delocalised electrons are free to move.
Do the orbitals of a metallic bond overlap?
Yes
Are valence electrons tightly packed?
No
Octet Rule
All elements want 8 electrons in their last energy level in order to become stable (besides the first 5)
Valence Electrons
Electrons Present in the last energy level
Valency
The number of electrons an element is willing to lose, gain or share in order to become stable
Noble Gases
Chemically stable
