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Chemistry Test Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Dependent variable

A

y; the outcome. Then “then”

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1
Q

Hypothesis

A

An explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested

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2
Q

Independent variable

A

x; causes the outcome. The “if”

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3
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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4
Q

Chemical property

A

A property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions
Ex: flammable? Soluble?

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5
Q

Chemical change

A

A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
Ex: catching on fire, two chemicals reacting,

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6
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without involving a chemical change
Ex: color, luster, density, color, hardness

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7
Q

Physical change

A

A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties

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8
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element

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10
Q

Isotope

A

An atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different mass); atoms the same element, but different mass

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11
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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12
Q

Charge, mass, and location of:

Electron

A

Negative
Very small
Electron cloud

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13
Q

Charge, mass, and location of:

Valence electron

A

Negative
Tiny
Outermost shell of atom
(determines the atom’s chemical properties)

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14
Q

Charge, mass, and location of:

Proton

A

Positive
1 amu
Nucleus

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15
Q

Charge, mass, and location of:

Neutron

A

No charge
1 amu
Nucleus

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16
Q

Gas

A

A form of matter that doesn’t have a definite volume or shape

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17
Q

Liquid

A

The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

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18
Q

Solid

A

The state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed

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19
Q

Fluid

A

A nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms are free to move past each other

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20
Q

Boiling

A

The conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals atmospheric pressure

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21
Q

Freezing

A

Liquid to solid

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22
Q

Melting

A

Solid to liquid

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23
Q

Condensation

A

Gas to liquid

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24
Sublimation
Solid to gas
25
Deposition
Gas to solid
27
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
28
Element
a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
29
Mixture
a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Each element contains it's own properties
30
Solution
a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed
31
solute
in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent
32
Solvent
in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves
33
colloid
a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas
34
Suspension
A homogeneous mixture that settles when standing and can be filtered
35
heterogeneous
not uniformly mixed; different parts have different characteristics
36
homogenous
uniform
37
molecule
the smallest physical unit of an element or compound
38
covalent bonding
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electron. Happens with two non metals
39
ionic bonding
the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
40
metallic bonding
a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
41
inert
having little or no ability to react
42
anion
ion with negative charge
43
cation
ion with positive charge
44
group
down, same # of valence electrons
45
period
right, energy levels
46
law of conservation of matter
matter cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction
47
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction
48
law of conservation of energy and matter
E=mc^2
49
law of conservation of charge
The net charge of an isolated system remains constant
50
density
mass/volume
51
alkali elements
``` Group:1 Physical Characteristics: metallic Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 1 electron Ion: 1+ Bond Type: ionic;metallic ```
52
alkali earth elements
``` Group:2 Physical Characteristics: metallic Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 2 electrons Ion: 2+ Bond Type: ionic;metallic ```
53
transitions elements
``` Group:3-12 Physical Characteristics: metallic Gain, Lose, or Share electron: N/A Ion: N/A Bond Type: ionic;metallic ```
54
Group 13
Physical Characteristics: metalloid Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 3 electrons Ion: 3+ Bond Type: ionic;metallic
55
Group 14
Physical Characteristics: metalloid Gain, Lose, or Share electron: C, Si share only Ion: N/A Bond Type: covalent (everything)
56
Group 15
Physical Characteristics: metalloid/ nonmental Gain, Lose, or Share electron: gain 3 electrons Ion: 3- Bond Type: ionic;covalent
57
Group 16
Physical Characteristics: metalloid/ nonmental Gain, Lose, or Share electron: gain 2 electrons Ion: 2- Bond Type: ionic;covalent
58
Halogen
``` Group:17 Physical Characteristics: nonmetal Gain, Lose, or Share electron:gain 1 electron Ion: 1- Bond Type: ionic;covalent ```
59
Noble Gas
``` Group:18 Physical Characteristics: colorless, odorless gases Gain, Lose, or Share electron: nothing Ion: none Bond Type: inert ```
60
synthesis
A+X--> AX
61
decomposition
AX-->A+X
62
single replacement
A+BX-->B+AX
63
double replacement/displacement
AX+BY--?AY+BX
64
Combustion
substance+oxygen--> oxides, light, heat
65
nuclide
single type of nucleus
66
nucleons
protons or netrons
67
radioactivity
n. process by which an unstable nucleus releases particles and/or energy to get a stable energy state
68
Radioactive
adj. describes a nucleus in an unstable state | also my favorite song
69
radiation
n. the particles or energy given off by a radioactive nucleus
70
positron
same mass as electron, but has a postive charge
71
alpha radiation
symbols: α, α^2+, He^2+, 4/He/2^2+ mass number: 4 charge: 2+ other notes: helium; nucleus
72
beta radiation
symbols: β, β-,e-, 0/e/-1 mass number: 0 charge: 1- other notes: high energy electron
73
gamma radiation
symbols: Y mass number: 0 charge: 0 other notes: electromagnetic energy wave
74
Band of stability
When the amount of protons increase, the amount of neutrons needed to stabilize the nucleus also increases. Too many protons=unstable Too many neutrons=unstable Unstable nucleus=a nucleur reaction to become stable
75
half-life
the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value
76
Element
a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
77
Mixture
a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
78
Solution
a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed
79
solute
in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent
80
Solvent
in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves
81
colloid
a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas
82
Suspension
a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas
83
heterogeneous
not uniformly mixed
84
homogenous
uniformly mixed
85
molecule
the smallest physical unit of an element or compound
86
covalent bonding
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electron
87
ionic bonding
the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
88
metallic bonding
a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
89
inert
having little or no ability to react
90
anion
ion with negative charge
91
cation
ion with positive charge
92
group
down, same # of valence electrons
93
period
right, samed number of orbitals that have electrons
94
law of conservation of matter
matter cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction
95
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction
96
law of conservation of energy and matter
energy cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction
97
law of conservation of charge
The net charge of an isolated system remains constant
98
density
mass/volume
99
alkali elements
``` Group:1 Physical Characteristics: metallic Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 1 electron Ion: 1+ Bond Type: ionic;metallic ```
100
alkali earth elements
``` Group:2 Physical Characteristics: metallic Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 2 electrons Ion: 2+ Bond Type: ionic;metallic ```
101
transitions elements
``` Group:3-12 Physical Characteristics: metallic Gain, Lose, or Share electron: N/A Ion: N/A Bond Type: ionic;metallic ```
102
Group 13
Physical Characteristics: metalloid Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 3 electrons Ion: 3+ Bond Type: ionic;metallic
103
Group 14
Physical Characteristics: metalloid Gain, Lose, or Share electron: C, Si share only Ion: N/A Bond Type: covalent (everything)
104
Group 15
Physical Characteristics: metalloid/ nonmental Gain, Lose, or Share electron: gain 3 electrons Ion: 3- Bond Type: ionic;covalent
105
Group 16
Physical Characteristics: metalloid/ nonmental Gain, Lose, or Share electron: gain 2 electrons Ion: 2- Bond Type: ionic;covalent
106
Halogen
``` Group:17 Physical Characteristics: nonmetal Gain, Lose, or Share electron:gain 1 electron Ion: 1- Bond Type: ionic;covalent ```
107
Noble Gas
``` Group:18 Physical Characteristics: colorless, odorless gases Gain, Lose, or Share electron: nothing Ion: none Bond Type: inert ```
108
synthesis
A+X--> AX
109
decomposition
AX-->A+X
110
single replacement
A+BX-->B+AX
111
double replacement/displacement
AX+BY--?AY+BX
112
Combustion
substance+oxygen--> oxides, light, heat
113
nuclide
single type of nucleus
114
nucleons
protons or netrons
115
radioactivity
n. process by which an unstable nucleus releases particles and/or energy to get a stable energy state
116
Radioactive
adj. describes a nucleus in an unstable state | also my favorite song
117
radiation
n. the particles or energy given off by a radioactive nucleus
118
positron
same mass as electron, but has a postive charge
119
alpha radiation
symbols: α, α^2+, He^2+, 4/He/2^2+ mass number: 4 charge: 2+ other notes: helium; nucleus
120
beta radiation
symbols: β, β-,e-, 0/e/-1 mass number: 0 charge: 1- other notes: high energy electron
121
gamma radiation
symbols: Y mass number: 0 charge: 0 other notes: electromagnetic energy wave
122
Band of stability
When the amount of protons increase, the amount of neutrons needed to stabilize the nucleus also increases. Too many protons=unstable Too many neutrons=unstable Unstable nucleus=a nucleur reaction to become stable
123
half-life
the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value
124
Mass
Kg
125
Product
The end substance/element after a chemical reaction
126
Substance
Uniform composition

Acc Science (9 decks)

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