Chemistry term 1 Year 11

Question 1

What is the mass number?

Answer 1

The number of protons plus number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Symbol is A

Question 2

What does stable in chemistry mean?

Answer 2

A filled outer shell of electrons is generally associated with stability.
Stable as in UNREACTIVE.

Question 3

What are covalent molecules made up of?

Answer 3

Covalent molecules have the same number of protons as it does electrons.

Question 4

In intermolecular forces…

Answer 4

…The bigger the number the stronger the forces of attraction.

Question 5

What are intermolecular forces?

Answer 5

Although molecules are overall neutral in charge, there could possibly be very small electrostatic forces of attraction between protons in nuclei of an atom with electrons in adjacent atoms.

Question 6

What is a dipole?

Answer 6

Regions of uneven distribution of charge.

Question 7

Explain the dipole

Answer 7

Dipoles form when random movement of electrons result in the majority of electrons being on one side. Electrons are attracted to positive side. There can be temporary instantaneous dipoles in substances with the same electronegativity. It results in the formation of temporary induced dipoles within its vicinity.

Question 8

Example of Atomic Weight calculation

Answer 8

Eg. 75.53% Chlorine 35 and 24.47% Chlorine 37
Atomic Weight (Cl)
=75.53/100 x35 + 24.47/100x 37
=35.49

Question 9

What is a cation?

Answer 9

a positive ion

Question 10

What is a anion?

Answer 10

a negative ion

Question 11

How do protons determine the chemistry of an element?

Answer 11

Each proton carries a positive charge, so the number of positively-charged protons will determine the number of negatively charged electrons that the nucleus can ‘hold onto’.

Question 12

In ionic compounds, what is each cation surrounded by?

Answer 12

A set number of anions

Same applies to each anion with cations

Question 13

What is a nuclear charge?

Answer 13

• The charge of the nucleus

- Number of protons determines the magnitude of its positive charge

Question 14

What is the atomic number?

Answer 14

• The number of protons in the nucleus of an element. (determines all the chemistry that it exhibits)
• The symbol is Z

Question 15

Ions are charged….

Answer 15

1. atoms or molecules

2. because they have a different number of protons and electrons

Question 16

What happens if there are more protons than electrons in an ionic compound?

Answer 16

It has an overall charge of positive

Question 17

Explain the Sub-atomic particle electron

Answer 17

Symbole is e-
Relative mass is 0
Relative charge - negative
Location - orbiting

Question 18

Explain the Sub-atmoic particle neutron

Answer 18

Symbol is n
Relative mass is 1
Relative charge - no charge
Location - nucleus

Question 19

Explain the Sub-atomic particle proton

Answer 19

Symbol is P+
Relative Mass is 1
Relative charge - positive
Location - nucleus

Question 20

Vibrational kinetic energy

Answer 20

Particles vibrate.

This is a predominant form of kinetic energy of particles in solids.

Question 21

Rotational kinetic energy

Answer 21

Partuicles might spin on an axis.

Question 22

Transitional kinetic energy

Answer 22

Particles moving around relative to each other

Question 23

Define ductile

Answer 23

Drawn out in wire

Question 24

Define malleable

Answer 24

Can be shaped/flattened into sheets

Question 25

What is an element?

Answer 25

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Question 26

What is a compound?

Answer 26

A compound is a substance that can be broken down by chemical reaction.

Question 27

What are the 4 kinetic particle theories?

Answer 27

1. All matter is made of tiny particles
2. The particles are constantly moving
3. If particles ar heated they gain kinetic energy
4. The particles have forces of attraction between them. Different particles have different sized forces of attraction..

Question 28

What is a lone pair?

Answer 28

Lone pairs are elecrons that ar unshared.

Question 29

Define Electronegativity

Answer 29

Affinity for electrons

Question 30

To be a good conductor of electricity you must…

Answer 30

…have charged particles that are able to move freely.