chemistry quiz: periods Flashcards
representative elements
Elements from groups 1, 2, and 13-18 in the modern periodic table, possessing a wide range of chemical and physical properties.
transition elements
Elements in groups 3–12 of the modern periodic table and are further divided into transition metals and inner transition metals.
metals
An element that is solid at room temperature, a good conductor of heat and electricity, and generally is shiny; most metals are ductile and malleable.
alkali metals
Group 1 elements, except for hydrogen, they are reactive and usually exist as compounds with other elements.
alkaline earth metals
Group 2 elements in the modern periodic table and are highly reactive.
transition metals
An element in groups 3–12 that is contained in the d-block of the periodic table and, with some exceptions, is characterized by a filled outermost s orbital of energy level n, and filled or partially filled d orbitals of energy level n − 1.
nonmetals
Elements that are generally gases or dull, brittle solids that are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
halogen
A highly reactive group 17 element.
noble gases
An extremely unreactive group 18 element.
metalloids
An element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals.
periodic law
when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties.
ion
An atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
ionization energy
The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom; generally increases in moving from left-to-right across a period and decreases in moving down a group.
octet rule
States that atoms lose, gain, or share electrons in order to acquire the stable electron configuration of a noble gas.
electronegativity
Indicates the relative ability of an element’s atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
