Chemistry - Pure Substances and Mixtures Flashcards
To enhance knowledge on chemistry.
What is one of the main postulates of the Particle Theory? (try to guess one each time)
- All matter is made up of particles
- All particles are in constant motion
- All particles of one substance are identical
- Temperature affects the speed at which particles move.
- There are spaces between the particles
What is the Partical Theory of Matter?
Several postulates (assumptions) which are assumed true without evidence.
When was the Particle Theory of Matter discovered and by who?
Around 430 BC by Greek Philosopher Democritus.
What is matter?
Anything which takes up space (has a mass and volume). It is everything around us.
What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
A pure substance is a substance with identical particles and a mixture is a substance with different particles.
What are the different types of mixtures?
Heterogeneous (Mechanical) Mixtures - where you can see the not dissolved parts and Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) - where you cannot see the dissolved parts.
What is the difference between solvents and solutes?
Solvents are the part of the solution which dissolves the other parts and is the larger part of the solution, and solutes dissolve into the solvent and is the smaller part of the solution.
What is solubility and what factors affect it?
Solubility is the ability for a solute to dissolve in the solvent, insoluble is what solutes are called if they cannot dissolve. Factors which affect it is the temperature, pressure, and polarity.
What is the difference between Solid-Solid Solutions, Liquid-Liquid Solutions, Gas-Gas Solutions, and Mixed-Matter Solutions?
Solid-Solid Solutions have two solids combined, for example, bronze has around 90% copper - solvent - and 10% tin - solute, Liquid-Liquid Solutions comvine two liquids, such as alchohol hand sanitizers, which usually combine 70% alcohol and 30% water. Gas-Gas Solutions are not common, but the air you breath is an example. Finally, Mixed-Matter Solutions are a combination of different states of mater, for example seawater combines salt and water.
Why is water the Universal Solvent?
Because it dissolves more particles than any other liquid.
The concentration of solutions is determined by…
The amount of solutes.
What is the difference between a concentrated solution and a diluted solution?
A concentrated solution has a large amount of dissolved solute and has a stronger taste of the solute, and a diluted solution has only a little amount of dissolved solute, and has a lesser taste of the solute.
What are different methods to seperate mixtures?
Sorting, sifting, filtration, evaporation, distillation and magnetism.
What does the different types of separating mixtures/solutions do?
Magnetism - separates magnetic materials in a substance
Distillation - separates different liquids with different boiling points
Evaporation - when heat is used to dissolve something into a vapor or gas
Filtration - when a solid is used to trap other solids, but lets liquid substances flow through
Sifting - Sorting solids and/or liquids by putting them through sieves/colanders, leaving behind the bigger/chunkier parts of the mixture
Sorting - manually taking solids out of the mixture/solution they were in before, and organizing them
What are the types of saturated solutions and what factors affect them?
There are saturated solutions, which is when the solvent can no longer dissolve the solute, unsaturated solutions, which has less of the solute than the solvent is capable of dissolving, and supersaturated solutions have more solute than can typiccally dissolve in a standard solution, therefore resulting in more undissolved solute. Factors which affect saturation include temperature, pressure, and the chemical composition of a solution.
