Chemistry & Physiology

Question 1

Describe physiology chemistry basics.

Answer 1

1. Membrane
2. Cell
3. Tissue barrier
4. Gradient of conc

Question 2

Describe membrane.

Answer 2

-phospholipid bilayer
-various sized pores & embedded proteins
-diffusion
-facilitated or carrier transport
-active: ATP, P-glycoproteins, OCT, OAT
-endocytosis: pino/phagocytosis

Question 3

Describe cell.

Answer 3

Question 4

Describe tissue barriers.

Answer 4

• Brain: blood brain barrier (BBB)
• Eye: blood ocular barrier, blood-aqueous barrier
• Prostate: blood prostate barrier
• Testicles: blood testis barrier
• Placenta
• Mammary gland: blood milk barrier
• Synovial fluid
*continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid
*epitheliochorial, endotheliochorial, hemochorial

Question 5

Describe gradient of conc.

Answer 5

-osmotic force from high to low conc

Question 6

Describe drug factors.

Answer 6

1. Molecular size
   -smaller cross membrane easier
2. Solubility
   -hydrosoluble: diffuse better in hydrosoluble environ
   >charged, polar
   -liposoluble: diffuse better in liposuble environ
3. Ionization
   -ionized = charged -> high hydrosolubility
   -ionization constant (K)
   >equilibrium -> ionized - non ionized
   >acid dissociation constant Ka
   -ion trapping
   >weak acid trapped in basic fluid & vice versa
4. Chemical reaction
   -chelation = bind to metal ion
   -hydrolysis = molecule split by addition of water
   -oxido-reduction = loss or gain of election
   -tautomerization = conversion between isomeres

Question 7

Describe abscesses.

Answer 7

-inflammation = acidic