Chemistry Paper 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
Charge +1, mass 1.
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
Charge 0, mass 1.
What is the charge and mass of an electron?
Charge –1, mass ≈ 0.
What does the atomic number tell you?
The number of protons.
What does the mass number tell you?
Protons + neutrons.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What is the electron shell arrangement rule?
2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, 8 in the third.
What do elements in the same group have in common?
Same number of outer electrons.
What are the group 1 elements called?
Alkali metals.
How does reactivity change down group 1?
Reactivity increases.
What are group 7 elements called?
Halogens.
How does reactivity change down group 7?
Reactivity decreases.
What are group 0 elements called?
Noble gases.
Why are noble gases unreactive?
They have full outer electron shells.
What is ionic bonding?
A metal and a non-metal transfer electrons.
What is covalent bonding?
Two non-metals share electrons.
What is metallic bonding?
Metal atoms share delocalised electrons.
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Only when melted or dissolved.
What are the properties of simple molecules?
Low melting/boiling points, don’t conduct electricity.
Why are alloys harder than pure metals?
Different sized atoms distort layers.
What happens to particles when a solid melts?
They gain energy and move more freely.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas.
What is relative formula mass (Mr)?
The total of all atomic masses in a compound.
