Chemistry of the Elements Flashcards
Period
Row of elements across the table
Group
Is a column of elements (going down)
Left of the periodic table is…..
METALS
The right of the table is…
NON-METALS
Metal properties
- conduct electricity
* metal oxides are BASIC
Non - metals properties
- do not conduct electricity
* non-metal oxides are ACIDIC
Elements in the same group have…
Similar chemical properties
Elements in the same group have …
The same number of electrons in their outer shell
Chemical properties are determined by the number of…….
Electrons in the outer shell
Noble gasses
- group 0
- are all inert/unreactive
- have full outer shells of electrons
REACTION OF GP1 METAL + WATER:
Lithium
- floats
- fizzes + colourless gas
- solid disappears
- colourless solution forms
REACTION OF GP1 METAL + WATER:
Sodium
- floats
- skates around surface
- melts into a ball
- solid disappears
- fizzes + colourless gas
- colourless solution forms
REACTION OF GP1 METAL + WATER:
Potassium
- floats
- ignites on contact + burns with lilac flame
- skates around
- solid disappears (melts into a ball)
- colourless solution forms
Group 1 + water =
Metal
Metal + hydrogen
Hydroxide
Reactivity of gr1 elements INCREASES as you go …… The …….. .
Down the group.
What colour is CHLORINE and it’s physical state?
GREEN and GAS.
What colour is BROMINE and it’s physical state?
RED/BROWN and LIQUID.
What colour is IODINE and it’s physical state?
GREY had SOLID.
Hydrogen chloride - simple molecular covalent GAS. What does hydrogen chloride become in WATER?
Hydrochloric acid (aq).
When hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water it becomes DISSOCIATED INTO IONS
HCL(g) + H2O = HCL(aq) ~ H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Reactivity increases …. The group
Up the group
Oxidation Is the …… of electrons
Loss
Reduction Is the …… of electrons
Gain
Half equation for reduction
Cl2 + 2e- = 2Cl-
Half equation for oxidation
2Br- = Br2 + 2e-
RUSTING of IRON: experiment
(iron wool)
Test tube upside down in beaker of water with 2 elastic bands - 1 shows the starting position of the water as the second shows the position over a period of time after water level rises and you determine the volume with water in tube to each level and pour into measuring cilinder.
METAL CARBONATES DECOMPOSE ON HEATING TO PRODUCE CARBON DIOXIDE
Copper = Copper oxide + carbon dio
Carbonate
What’s the equation for the preparation of carbon dioxide
Calcium + Hydrochloric=calcium
Carbonate Acid. Chloride
+water +carbon dioxide
What are the properties of co2?
- colourless, odourless
- more dense than air
- slightly soluble in water
What are the uses of carbon dioxide?
- carbonating drinks (fizzy drinks)
* fire extinguisher
What’s the equation for the preparation of hydrogen?
Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen
Hydrogen burns to form water. What is the equation for the COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN?
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
CHEMICAL TEST FOR WATER:
Anhydrous copper sulphate
(WHITE powder) turns BLUE
What is the CHEMICAL equation for the chemical test for WATER?
CuSO4 + H2O = CuSO4.5H2O
TESTS FOR ANIONS: Halide test (Cl-,Br-,I-)
To a solution of the halide add DILUTE NITRIC ACID and then SILVER NITRATE SOLUTION. Results: Chloride Cl- ~ white precip Bromide Br- ~ cream precip Iodide I- ~ yellow precip
TESTS FOR ANIONS: Sulphate test (SO4 2-)
To a solution of the unknown SULPHATE add dilute HYDROCHLORIC ACID followed by BARIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION .
Results:
Sulphate ion, SO4 2- ~ white precip
TESTS FOR ANIONS: Carbonate test (CO3 2-)
To unknown carbonate add DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID and test any gas involved by bubbling through lime water
Results:
Carbonate CO3 2-
