Bonding Flashcards
What combination of elements make up an IONIC BOND?
Metal + Non-metal
What are the two types of element?
Metal and non-metal atoms
What combination of elements make up a COVALENT BOND?
Non-metal +non-metal
What combination of elements makeup a METALLIC BOND?
Metal + Metal
Give an example of two metals that could make up an ionic bond…
Sodium. + chlorine
Highly reactive. Highly reactive
Grey metal Green gas
What is the electron configuration of sodium (Na) + Chlorine (cl) in terms of an IONIC BOND?
Na; 2:81 Cl; 2:8:7
To
Na; 2:8 Cl; 2:8:8
What happens when atoms transfer in a IONIC BOND? (In terms of ions)
Opposite ions attract
ELECTROSTATICALLY to form a 3D crystalline lattice.
Give the electron configuration of Magnesium + Oxygen in terms of IONIC BONDING…?
Mg (2+); 2:8:2 O (2-); 2:6
To
Mg; 2:8 O; 2:8
Give the definition of an IONIC BOND?
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
How are atoms electrically neutral?
What do they have?
Equal numbers of protons and electrons.
Why are the Nobel gasses so stable?
They have full outer shells.
What kind of bonding is this:
Losing or gaining electrons?
IONIC BONDING
What kind of bonding is this:
Sharing electrons?
COVALENT BONDING
In general, NON-METALS……
Gain electrons to form anions
Give the definition of a co-valent bond?
The electrostatic force of attraction BETWEEN 2 NUCLEI AND A SHARED PAIR OF ELECTRONS.
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Hydrogen
H - H
H2
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Chlorine
Cl - Cl
Cl2
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Hydrogen chloride
H - Cl
HCl
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Water
H - O - H
H2O
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Ammonia
H - N - H
I
H
NH3
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Methane
H
I
H - C - H
I
H
Ch4
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Oxygen
O = O
O2
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Nitrogen
O(-x3) O
N2
Give the line diagram and formulae for:
Carbon dioxide
O=C=O
CO2
What two structures are there within covalent bonding?
- Simple molecular covalent
- Giant molecular covalent
What are the TWO properties that simple molecular covalent has?
- usually liquids or gasses at R.T.P
- very low melting points and boiling points
What kind of FORCES are simple molecular covalent molecules held together by?
- very weak forces
- vonder waals forces
- intermolecular forces
What are the THREE properties that go with Giant Molecular Covalent bonding?
- Solids at room temp
- v high melting and boiling points
- strong forces which requires a large amount if energy to break the strong covalent bond la throughout the lattice
Give the definition and three examples of Giant molecular covalent bonding…?
-giant 3D lattice (molecule) with covalent bonds throughout
E.g’s •Carbon Diamond
•Carbon Graphite
•Silicon Dioxide
In an ionic bond, the metal atom….
Losses electrons
In ionic bonding, non metal atoms……
Gain electrons
What are Oxidations and Reduction?
Oxidation Is the Loss of electrons
Reduction Is the Gain of electrons
OIL RIG
What charge do metal ions have?
M+
What charge do non-metal ions have?
X-
In both metal and non-metal ions, the size of the charge=
Valency
Valency=
Number of electrons in the outer shell
In non-metals the valency=
8- the no. Of electrons on the outer shell.
e.g. O= 2.6 O2-= 2.8
Groups 1,2,3=
METAL
Groups 5,6,7=
NON-METAL
What are the 2 properties of an ionic compound?
High melting and boiling points.
What do dot and cross diagrams show?
The outer shell of electrons only
What is SIMPLE MOLECULAR COVALENT
Two or more NON-METAL atoms
Not carbon Diamond carbon graphite and Silicon diamond
Cl2(g), H2O(l), CO2(g) are all examples of …..
Simple molecular covalent compounds
What are the two different types of forces in simple molecular Covalent?
INTRAmolecular Bonding:Covalent
(bonds INSIDE the molecule bonding atoms together)
INTERmolecular FORCES:Weak Forces
(Van der Waal’s forces of attraction BETWEEN molecules)
A METALLIC BOND….
is the electrostatic force of attraction between 2 cations and the delocalised electrons between them.
The METALLIC STRUCTURE…..
is the close packed, regular arrangement of CATIONS surrounded by a SEA of DELOCALISED ELECTRONS.
What are the 2 properties of metals?
MALLEABLE: can be hammered into shape or bent and it retains shape
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY: metals conduct electricity
Explanation of: malleable and ductile
- layers of cations can move over each other
* and still retain attraction to the delocalised sea of electrons
Explanation of: conduct electricity
- metals have a delocalised sea of electrons
- delocalised sea of electrons are FREE to move
- movement of electrons is the conduction of electricity
Explanation of: high melting point and boiling point
- metals have STRONG METALLIC BONDS
* hence a large amount of energy is required to brake these bonds
