chemistry of microbio metabolism/environment

Question 1

metabolism?

Answer 1

Sum of all chemical reactions inside a cell

Question 2

mitochondrion’s are only found in eukaryotic cells, T/F

Answer 2

True

Question 3

what is catabolism and how does it differ from anabolism

Answer 3

Catabolism is the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones and anabolism does the opposite

Question 4

what is an energy carrier

Answer 4

something in cells that can grab energy and place it where its needed

Question 5

ATP is the most important energy carrier or primary, T/F

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is ATP hydrolysis

Answer 6

the splitting of the ATP with water, which helps provide energy needed for processes in organisms and cells

Question 7

ATP hydrolysis helps provide energy for? think IDP SAM

Answer 7

intracellular signaling
DNA and RNA synthesis
Purinergic signaling
Synaptic signaling
Active Transport
Muscle Contraction

Question 8

what is purinergic signaling

Answer 8

how cells talk to eachother to using molecules like adenosine and ATP to control body functions

Question 9

what is synaptic signaling

Answer 9

Synaptic signaling is the process of communication between nerve cells

Question 10

what do enzymes do?

Answer 10

proteins that help chemical reactions occur

Question 11

how are microbes identified?

Answer 11

by doing metabolic/biochemical test

Question 12

what is glucose and what is it used as?-

Answer 12

a simple sugar that is used by other organisms as a carbon source and source of energy

Question 13

what is glycolysis?

Answer 13

splitting of glucose in most organisms. The glucose is used as an energy source for ATP to carry out its functions of taking energy where it’s needed. this is an anaerobic process

Question 14

what dictates what metabolic processes a cell can undergo

Answer 14

enzymes and the conditions it is in

Question 15

simply explain-What aspect of metabolism do you think limits where bacteria can grow?

Answer 15

pH, temperature, nutrients, oxygen levels. for things to grow there has to be some source of energy in a sense and enzymes-have

Question 16

what factors influence growth?

Answer 16

temperature and pH

Question 17

how does temp effect enzyme activity

Answer 17

there is an optimal temp and things higher or lower can effect activity

Question 18

what does too much heat do to an enzyme?

Answer 18

it denatures meaning it unfolds and falls apart leading to loss of function

Question 19

enzymes are known to speed up chemical reactions, what is the target of these enzymes?

Answer 19

Substrates, enzymes use substrates to help speed up reactions.

Question 20

what is the final output of these enzymatic reactions

Answer 20

products

Question 21

whats a medically important range of temperature for humans?
Psychrophile
Mesophile
Thermophile
Hyperthermophile

Answer 21

mesophile

Question 22

difference between aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria

Answer 22

aerobic requires oxygen for growth while anaerobic does not

Question 23

when thinking of osmolarity what does it mean to be isotonic

Answer 23

there is no net movement of water because water inside a cell or outside a cell is balanced

Question 24

when thinking of osmolarity what does it mean to be hypotonic

Answer 24

water will move into a cell and it can overload causing the cell to burst

Question 25

when thinking of osmolarity what does hypertonic mean.

Answer 25

water moves out of the cell causing the cytoplasm to shrink

Question 26

what is fermentation

Answer 26

biochemical process that gets energy from carbohydrates and does not require oxygen