Chemistry of Life (Chapter 2)

Question 1

Biochemistry

Answer 1

studying chemical aspects of life

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

smallest unit of matter

Question 4

Molecules

Answer 4

particles of matter that are composed of one or more atoms

Question 5

Subatomic particles

Answer 5

protons, electrons, neutrons

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Core of an atom; positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 8

Atomic Mass

Answer 8

Number of protons and neutrons combined

Question 9

Orbitals

Answer 9

Electrons darting about within a certain space

Question 10

Energy Levels

Answer 10

Shells that orbitals are arranged into

Farther an orbital extends from nucleus, the higher its energy levels

Question 11

Elements

Answer 11

pure substances, composed of only one of more than a hundred types of atoms that exist in nature

Question 12

Compounds

Answer 12

substances whose molecules have more than one element in them

Question 13

4 atoms that make up 96% of human body

Answer 13

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 14

Ionic Bonds

Answer 14

forms between an atom that has only 1 or 2 electrons in the outermost level and an atom that needs only 1 or 2 electrons to fill its outer level

Question 15

Ion

Answer 15

electrically charged atom

Question 16

Electrolytes

Answer 16

compounds that form ions when dissolved in water

Question 17

Covalent Bond

Answer 17

atoms that fill energy levels by sharing electrons rather than donating or receiving them

Question 18

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 18

weak attraction that helps hold body’s substances together

Question 19

Dissociate

Answer 19

ionic compounds dissolving easily in water because water molecules are attracted to ions and wedge between the ions - thus forcing them apart

Question 20

2 kinds of compounds

Answer 20

1. Organic

2. Inorganic

Question 21

Organic Compounds

Answer 21

composed of molecles that contain carbon-carbon (C-C) covalent bonds

Question 22

Solvent

Answer 22

Water

Question 23

Aqueous solution

Answer 23

when water is the solvent for a mixture

Question 24

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 24

common type of chemical reaction in the body // ractants combine only after 2 Hydrogen (H) atoms and an oxygen (O) atom are removed

Question 25

Reactants

Answer 25

combine to form larger product

Question 26

Hydrolysis

Answer 26

water disrupts the bonds in large molecules, causing them to be broken down into smaller molecules

Question 27

Major types of organic compounds found in the body that are formed by dehydration synthesis reaction

Answer 27

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids (fats)
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 28

Carbohydrates

Answer 28

Carbon and water

Question 29

Monosaccharide

Answer 29

basic unit of carbohydrate molecules

Question 30

important monosaccharide in the body

Answer 30

Glucose (dextrose)

Question 31

Disaccharide

Answer 31

a molecule made of 2 saccharide units (double sugar)

Question 32

Polysaccharides

Answer 32

many saccharide units joined together

Question 33

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 33

glycogen // starch