Chemistry of life and the cell

Question 1

Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body’s mass. These include ________.

Answer 1

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 2

Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?

Answer 2

amino

Question 3

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an ________

Answer 3

atom

Question 4

The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of ________.

Answer 4

protons

Question 5

When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes ___________

Answer 5

ion

Question 6

substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n) ________.

Answer 6

salt

Question 7

AB → A+B is a general notation for what type of reaction?

Answer 7

decomposition

Question 8

What type of reactions release energy?

Answer 8

Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

Question 9

CH4 is methane. This compound is ________.

Answer 9

organic

Question 10

In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n) ________.

Answer 10

double helix

Question 11

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true?

Answer 11

Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds

Question 12

Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?

Answer 12

hydrogen bonds

Question 13

give an example of a monosaccharide ________

Answer 13

galactose
glucose
fructose

Question 14

Cellulose and starch are two common examples of polysaccharides that are made up of many monosaccharide units

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Phospholipids are important components of __________.

Answer 15

plasma membrane off the cell

Question 16

The genetic material DNA is found in

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

An isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22. How many neutrons does it have?

Answer 17

11

Question 18

Using a pH meter, you find the pH of an unknown solution to be 8.0. How would you describe this solution?

Answer 18

weakly basic

Question 19

The atom is made of 3 subatomic particles. The subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a positive charge is the ___________.

Answer 19

protons

Question 20

The __________ is the smallest unit of matter

Answer 20

atom

Question 21

An _______ bond is a bond in which electrons are transferred.

Answer 21

ionic

Question 22

An acid has a pH below ______.

Answer 22

7

Question 23

An acid has a pH below ______.

Answer 23

7

Question 24

A base has a ph above _____.

Answer 24

7

Question 25

Water is made of 1 oxygen molecule and _____ hydrogen atoms.

Answer 25

2

Question 26

Gold is an example of a __

Answer 26

element

Question 27

The water molecule is _________, because there is an uneven distribution of electron within the molecule.

Answer 27

polar

Question 28

The nucleus is made of_____________

Answer 28

protons neutrons and electrons

Question 29

The most abundant compound in living things

Answer 29

water

Question 30

If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number is

Answer 30

7

Question 31

If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is

Answer 31

23

Question 32

Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon. It has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Of its 6 electrons, 4 are valence electrons. How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

Answer 32

4

Question 33

Amino acid is to protein as

Answer 33

simple sugar is to starch

Question 34

In chemical reactions, atoms are

Answer 34

rearrange

Question 35

Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?

Answer 35

compounds

Question 36

A covalent bond is formed as the result of

Answer 36

sharing

Question 37

A substance with a pH of 6 is called

Answer 37

acid

Question 38

What part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and digesting things?

Answer 38

lysosomes

Question 39

What part of the cell serves as the intracellular highway?

Answer 39

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

The jellylike interior of the cell is called the:

Answer 40

cytoplasm

Question 41

What part of the cell makes proteins?

Answer 41

ribosomes

Question 42

Where are ribosomes usually located in animal and plant cells?

Answer 42

er

Question 43

What part of the cell serves to process, package and export proteins?

Answer 43

golgi complex

Question 44

The powerhouse of the cell

Answer 44

mitochondria

Question 45

Chromosomes are found in _____________________ of cells.

Answer 45

nucleus

Question 46

A karyotype is a:

Answer 46

picture of an individual's chromosomes arranged in a standardized way

Question 47

The sex chromosomes of normal females are:

Answer 47

XX

Question 48

The sex chromosomes of normal females are:

Answer 48

XX

Question 49

The genes on the sex chromosomes of females are ___________ and those of males are mostly ___________ .

Answer 49

homologous; hemizygous

Question 50

Autosomes:

Answer 50

are all chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes

Question 51

Normal humans have __________ pairs of autosomes and ___________ pair(s) of sex chromosomes.

Answer 51

22 AND 1

Question 52

A chromatid is:

Answer 52

one of the strands or arms of a chromosome

Question 53

Which cells would classify as eukaryotic?

Answer 53

Bacteria

Question 54

Which cell types have/can have cell walls?

Answer 54

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 55

This area of the cell surrounds the nucleus and regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus?

Answer 55

nuclear envelope

Question 56

This structure is the central core of the cell and it’s genetic material is DNA?

Answer 56

Nucleus

Question 57

This site serves as the synthesis and assembly of ribosomes?

Answer 57

Nucleolus

Question 58

This area of the cell is a thin flexible layer that separates fluid into intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Answer 58

Plasma membrane

Question 59

Ribosomes have the appearance of _______ and are constructed of _______?

Answer 59

Small, dark staining granules, RNA

Question 60

This structure is a stack of three to ten disc-shaped envelopes bound by a membrane that sorts, processes, and packages proteins and membranes?

Answer 60

Golgi apparatus

Question 61

Peroxisomes use oxidases and catalase to (_______) the body from (_______).

Answer 61

detoxify, free radicals

Question 62

Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal elements that help the cell resist tension.

Answer 62

TRUE

Question 63

The (______) is responsible for supporting the cell and giving it shape.

Answer 63

MICROTUBULES

Question 64

The ( ______) helps form the cytoskeleton of the cell?

Answer 64

Microfilaments

Question 65

What structure of the cell is like tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that increases cell’s surface area?

Answer 65

MICROVILLI

Question 66

The centrioles are found in the cytoplasm.

Answer 66

FALSE

Question 67

The liquid found inside a cell is?

Answer 67

CYTOPLASM

Question 68

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for fat metabolism.

Answer 68

TRUE

Question 69

What structure of the cell is responsible for packaging DNA, reinforcing mitosis, preventing DNA damage, and controlling DNA replication?

Answer 69

Chromatin

Question 70

What does a DNA structure look like?

Answer 70

A TWISTED LADDER

Question 71

What structure is responsible for storing glycogen for the cell’s main energy source?

Answer 71

GLYCOSOMES

Question 72

The nucleus is found in the center of the cell and controls cell activity.

Answer 72

TRUE

Question 73

The outer boundary of the cell which makes up the three main parts of the human cell is the?

Answer 73

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 74

What part of the cell’s subunit is responsible for disposal of waste, maintaining its shape/integrity, and replicating itself?

Answer 74

ORGANELLES

Question 75

A foreign cell has entered your blood stream. Which process describes how it can be engulfed by one of the cells in your immune system?

Answer 75

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 76

Diffusion of small, non-polar molecules across the cell membrane along a concentration gradient is...

Answer 76

FACILLITATED

Question 77

Which cell feature is responsible for making proteins?

Answer 77

RIBOSOMES

Question 78

All human BODY CELLS contain this many chromosomes

Answer 78

46

Question 79

Where in the cell does DNA replication take place?

Answer 79

NUCLEUS

Question 80

What cell feature contains digestive enzymes which breaks things down?

Answer 80

LYSOSOMES

Question 81

The nitrogenous base Adenine can pair with _____.

Answer 81

THYMINE

Question 82

At what point during normal DNA replication is genetic material lost from the telomeres?

Answer 82

Joining of adjacent Okazaki fragments

Question 83

DNA strands run _____ in relation to each other.

Answer 83

antiparallel

Question 84

Between the two strands of a DNA segment the nitrogen bases are held together by _____.

Answer 84

HYDROGEN BONDS

Question 85

The leading strand of a DNA molecule has the following sequence: 5’-CGCATGTAGCGA-3’ Which of the following sequences is complementary to the leading strand shown above?

Answer 85

3’-GCGTACATCGCT-5’

Question 86

The first scientist to describe living cells as seen through a simple microscope

Answer 86

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek