Chemistry of Biology (Chpt 2)

Question 1

Matter defined;
Types of matter
basic unit of ALL MATTER

Answer 1

matter has mass and occupies space
matter can be living or non living
all matter (living or nonliving) is made up of element

Question 2

the four most abundant elements in our body

Answer 2

C,H,O,N

Question 3

Compound (or molecules) defined

Answer 3

made up of elements in a fixed composition and fixed ratio

Question 4

Distinguish element from compound

Answer 4

Element examples: H, O, Ca, C

Compound examples: H2O2, H2O, CaCl

Question 5

Structure of Atoms ;

The subatomic particles

Answer 5

review how solar system is structured (slide 9)

subatomic particles : P, E, N

Question 6

Atomic Number vs. Mass Number

Answer 6

Atomic number - always the smaller of the 2 numbers; represents the proton (+) or the electron (-) numbers
Mass numbers- the larger of the 2 numbers; P + N (the subatomic particles inside the nucleus of atom)

Question 7

Isotopes defined

Answer 7

element that has same atomic number but different mass number because neutron number is different

Question 8

Electron distribution

Answer 8

review slide 11: shell 1, shell 2; shell 3

Question 9

compounds are formed either through ionic or covalent bonding

Answer 9

Ionic bonding – transfer of electrons between atoms

Covalent bonding- sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 10

Ions defined

Answer 10

elements that undergo electron transfers ; elements that carry charges, either + or -;
ex; Na+ , Cl-

Question 11

Importance of water:

a. ) polarity
b. ) Hydrogen bonding

Answer 11

Water is polar -even though water molecule is covalently bonded; electrons are not equally shared so water molecule has + end and - end (this is polarity)
H-bonding : bond that holds water molecules together due to polarity of water (opposite attracts) (slide 20)
(don’t memorize ; understand)

Question 12

Water is a universal solvent–why?

Lipid is insoluble in water - why?

Answer 12

Water has + and - end so any compound that has + and - end will be attracted to water - ex: salt in water;
Lipid is not polar (no + or - end) so cannot interact with polar ends of water molecules (please do not memorize; understand)

Question 13

Adhesion, cohesion, surface tension definitions

Answer 13

please check slide “Consequences of H-bonding”

(be able to distinguish the 3

Question 14

Acid, bases, pH, buffer definition

Answer 14

please check slide under this topic

remember: acid (H+), base (-OH)

Question 15

Rule of pH scale

Answer 15

ex: Cola (pH 3) is less acidic than stomach acid (pH 1)
Oven cleaner (pH 13) is more basic than sea water (pH 8)

Question 16

Why is high amount of CO2 in the atmosphere detrimental to marine life?

Answer 16

check last slide of chpt 2 ppt