Chemistry Module 2 Flashcards
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons
why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
Isotopes have the same configuration of electrons
Explain why isotopes can have different physical properties
Physical properties depend on the mass of the atom
What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon 12 atom
What is relative isotopic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an isotope compared with 1/12 the mass of a carbon 12 atom
What is relative molecular mass
The average mass of a molecule compared to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon 12 atom
What is relative formula mass?
The average mass of a formula unit compared to 1/12 the mass of a carbon 12 atom
How to calculate relative molecular mass
Amount of atom of one element + atomic mass x amount of other atoms of the element + atomic mass
How to calculate relative formula mass
product of the amount of atoms of the elements
Explain the term amount of substance
Number of particles measured using a unit called the mole (n)
What formula finds the number of moles from the number of atoms or molecules?
Number of moles = Number of particles you have
Number of particles in a mole
What is molar mass?
The mass per mole of a substance (gmol-1)
What is the formula that finds number of moles from the molar mass?
Number of moles = mass of substance
molar mass
What is molar gas volume?
The gas volume per mole (dm3mol-1)
What are two formulas that finds the number of moles in a volume of gas?
Number of moles = volume of dm3/cm3
24/24000
What is the ideal gas equation?
pV = nRT pressure(Pa) x volume(m3) =
moles x temperature(K) x the gas constant(JK-1mol-1)
What is the procedure required to measure gas volumes?
Connect the gas syringe to the container to collect all gas produced by a reaction.
As the gas is produced the plunger is pushes out the syringe and the volume of gas collected can be read
What are the techniques required to measure gas volumes?
.
What is the formula that finds the number of moles from concentration and volume?
Number of moles = Concentration x volume in cm3/dm3
1000/1
What does the empirical formula tell you?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
What does the molecular formula tell you?
The actual number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule
What is the formula for nitrate?
NO3-
What is the formula for carbonate?
CO32-
What is the formula for sulfate?
SO42-
What is the formula for ammonium?
NH4+
What is an acid?
A proton donor which releases H+ ions in aqueous solution
What is a base?
A proton acceptor which releases OH- ions in aqueous solution
What is the formula of sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
What is the formula for nitric acid?
HNO3
What is the formula for ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH
what is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
Explain a strong acid?
The acid fully ionizes in solution and releases and lots of H+ ions
Explain a weak acid?
Only a small amount of the acid ionizes and releases a little amount of H+ ions
What is a neutralisation reaction?
The reaction where H+ and OH- ions form H2O
What does an acid-base reaction produce?
Salt + water
What does an acid-metal reaction produce?
Salt + hydrogen
What does an acid-metal oxide reaction produce?
Salt + water
What does an acid-metal hydroxide reaction produce?
Salt + water
What does an acid-metal carbonate reaction produce?
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
What does anhydrous salt mean?
The salt doesn’t contain water of crystallization