Chemistry in Biology

Question 1

The building blocks of matter?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

Center of the atom where the protons and neutrons are located?

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

Positively charged particles of the atom?

Answer 3

Proton

Question 4

Protons are found in the?

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Proton or Electron? Gives each atom its atomic number (number distinct to each specific element)

Answer 5

Proton

Question 6

Particles that have no charge?

Answer 6

Neutron

Question 7

Neutrons can ___(1) the number of ___(2), but does not always.

Answer 7

1- equal
2- Protons

Question 8

Negatively charged particles?

Answer 8

Electron

Question 9

Electrons move around the outside of the nucleus sometimes referred to as
the __ __(1)

Answer 9

1- Electron Cloud

Question 10

Proton or Electron? Give the atom its reactivity?

Answer 10

Electron

Question 11

In a ___(1) atom electrons will ____(2) the number of ___(3).

Answer 11

1- Neutral
2- equal
3- Protons

Question 12

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.

Answer 12

Element

Question 13

Elements:
1: Made up of __(1) type of atom
2: Over ___(2) known elements, with ___(3) occurring naturally

Answer 13

1- ONE
2- 100
3- 92

Question 14

A table that organizes the elements into horizontal rows, called periods and vertical columns, called groups

Answer 14

The periodic table

Question 15

Groups have …

Answer 15

Similar chemical and physical properties.

Question 16

Periods have a flow from ___(1) to __(2) of ___(3) electrons, ___(4) electrons on the __(5) and ___(6) as you move ___(7) the periodic table.

Answer 16

1- Left
2- Right
3- Valence
4- less
5- left
6- gains
7- across

Question 17

Atoms of the same element but have different neutrons

Answer 17

Isotopes

Question 18

Isotopes are identified by ___(1) the number of ___(2) and ___(3) in the ____(4).

Answer 18

1- adding
2- Protons
3- Neutrons
4- Nucleus

Question 19

Example on how to identify isotopes:
Solve missing statements:

 Carbon 12, \_\_\_(1) protons and six 
 neutrons, Carbon 14, six protons and 
 \_\_\_(2) neutrons

Answer 19

1- 6
2- 8

Question 20

Atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.

Answer 20

Radioactive isotopes

Question 21

Radioactive Isotopes:

____(1) the ___(2) of ____(3) in an atom does not change the ____ ____(4) of the atom. This, however can ___(5) the ___(6).

Answer 21

1- Changing
2- number
3- neutrons
4- Overall Charge
5- affect
6- Stability

Question 22

When an atom ___ ____(1) and gives off ____(2) it is considered a ____(3) isotope.

Answer 22

1- breaks apart
2- Radiation
3- Radioactive

Question 23

Radioactive isotopes can be used to determine the…

Answer 23

age of old rocks.

Question 24

A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine.

Answer 24

Compound

Question 25

Example of a compound:

Answer 25

Water and Sodium Chloride

Question 26

Compounds always ___(1) from a ____ ____(2) of elements in a ___ ___(3) (I.E. H2O, NaCl).

Answer 26

1- form 2- specific combination 3- fixed ratio

Question 27

A chemical force that holds atoms together.

Answer 27

Chemical bond

Question 28

In a chemical bond, atoms want a ___(1) filled __(2) shells.

Answer 28

1- Completely 2- Outer

Question 29

Electrical attraction created between atoms or groups that have opposite charges, caused by the gaining or losing of electrons.

Answer 29

Ionic Bond

Question 30

An atom that has gained or lost electrons giving it an electrical charge

Answer 30

Ion

Question 31

Ions that ___/___(1) an electron the ion will be ____(2) charged. ____(3) tend to donate/lose electrons.

Answer 31

1-Donate/lose 2- positively 3- Metals

Question 32

Ions that ___/___(1) an electron the ion will be ____(2) charged. ____(3) tend to accept/gain an electron.

Answer 32

1- Accept/gain 2- negatively 3- Nonmetals

Question 33

A chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared.

Answer 33

Covalent Bond

Question 34

In a covalent bond electrons are ___(1) to help fill the ___(2) electron levels, ____(3) the desire to have a ____ ______ _____(4)

Answer 34

1- shared 2- outer 3- satisfying 4- full valence shell

Question 35

A compound held together by covalent bonds.

Answer 35

Molecule

Question 36

Process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.

Answer 36

Chemical Reaction

Question 37

The organizational way scientists write out chemical reactions.

Answer 37

Chemical Equations

Question 38

The starting materials in a chemical reaction, found on the left side of the equation.

Answer 38

Reactants

Question 39

The substances formed during the reaction, found on the right side of the chemical equation.

Answer 39

Products

Question 40

In a chemical equation: Re____(1) = Pro____(2)

Answer 40

1- reactants 2- product

Question 41

The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products

Answer 41

Activation Energy

Question 42

A candle will not burn until you light its wick. The flame provides the activation energy for the reaction that occurs between the substances in the candle wick and the oxygen in the air.

Answer 42

Example of activation of energy

Question 43

Exothermic

Answer 43

Releases energy

Question 44

Endothermic

Answer 44

Absorbs energy

Question 45

___(1) and ___(2), types of reactions still require activation energy.

Answer 45

1- Endothermic 2- Exothermic *Can be interchangeable*

Question 46

A substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Answer 46

Catalyst

Question 47

special proteins that are biological catalyst

Answer 47

Enzymes

Question 48

Enzymes: 1. ____(1) activiations energy 2. Speeds up the ___ ___ (2) 3. ___(3) for life to ___(4) the chemical reactions to take place.

Answer 48

1- Lowers 2- Chemical Reaction 3- Essential 4- allow

Question 49

Parts of the enzyme activity: (2)

Answer 49

Substrate & Active site

Question 50

The reactants that bind to the enzyme.

Answer 50

Substrate

Question 51

Locations on the enzyme where the substrate binds

Answer 51

Active Site

Question 52

Once connected the enzyme will change ___(1) and allow the ____(2) to take place. The products will ____(3) upon completion.

Answer 52

1- shape 2- reaction 3- release

Question 53

Factors that affect the enzyme activity: (4)

Answer 53

pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration

Question 54

pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration. Are all factors that affect the ____ ____(1).

Answer 54

1- enzyme activity

Question 55

There is an optimal ___(1) for each enzyme

Answer 55

Temperature

Question 56

Enzymes work effectively at different

Answer 56

pH

Question 57

forces created by the element unequally sharing electrons, creating poles/charges within the compound.

Answer 57

Intermolecular forces

Question 58

the property of having two opposite poles or ends

Answer 58

Polarity

Question 59

Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges.

Answer 59

Polar Molecules

Question 60

Polar molecules have oppositely charged regions. An example of this is...

Answer 60

Water

Question 61

The attraction between molecules

Answer 61

Van der Waals forces

Question 62

A compound’s chemical properties are determined primarily by its chemical structure.

Question 63

A compound’s physical characteristics such as boiling point and melting point, are determined by its intermolecular forces.

Question 64

Van der Waals in water

Answer 64

Hold nearby molecules together allowing water to form droplets

Question 65

a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom, strong type of Van Der Waals force

Answer 65

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 66

Similar substances are attracted to each other

Answer 66

Cohesion

Question 67

Different substances are attracted to each other

Answer 67

Adhesion

Question 68

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties.

Answer 68

Mixture

Question 69

A mixture with uniform composition throughout

Answer 69

Homogeneous mixture

Question 70

Another name for a homogeneous mixture

Answer 70

Solution

Question 71

A substance in which another substance is dissolved

Answer 71

Solvent

Question 72

The substance that dissolves in the solvent

Answer 72

Solute

Question 73

Example of Solute and Solvent is: Saltwater, how?

Answer 73

Water the solvent and salt the solute

Question 74

The mixture the components remain distinct and not thoroughly mixed

Answer 74

Heterogeneous mixtures

Question 75

Example of Heterogeneous mixtures are?

Answer 75

Sand and Water

Question 76

A heterogeneous mixture in which the particles to do not settle out

Answer 76

Colloid

Question 77

Example of colloids is: 5 possible answers

Answer 77

Smoke, milk, butter, paint, and ink

Question 78

Acid

Answer 78

Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water