Chemistry Final

Question 1

Describe the three states of matter and discuss their particle arrangement and kinetic energy.

Answer 1

Solid- definite shape and volume, almost completely incompressible, particles are tightly packed together, low kinetic energy
Liquid- definite volume and forms to container, almost incompressible, higher kinetic energy that solids lower than gases
Gas- takes the shape and volume of container , easily compressed, highest kinetic energy

Question 2

Create a flow chart using all of the following categories: Heterogeneous Mixture, Matter, Element, Compound, Pure Substance, Homogenous Mixture

Answer 2

Matter
  /          \
Mixture Solution
/                         \
heterogenous    compounds
homogeneous     elements

Question 3

What is the difference between an Element and a Compound?

Answer 3

An element is made of only one kind of atom, while a compound contains the atoms of two or more elements. For example, gold is made of only one kind of atom, so it is an element, but water is a mix of hydrogen and oxygen, so it is a compound.

Question 4

What is the difference between a Pure Substance and Mixture?

Answer 4

Pure substances are further broken down into elements and compounds. Mixtures are physically combined structures that can be separated into their original components.

Question 5

What is the difference between a Homogeneous mixture and Heterogeneous Mixture?

Answer 5

Heterogeneous: Not uniform in composition, two samples from the sample heterogeneous mixture will have different makeups
Homogeneous: Completely uniform in composition, Components are evenly distributed throughout, also called solutions

Question 6

What is a physical property?

Answer 6

a physical change, such as melting butter

Question 7

What is a chemical property?

Answer 7

any of a material’s properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance’s chemical identity

Question 8

Classify the following as chemical or physical properties

a. Color b. Flammability c. Reactivity d. Taste e. Shine f. Solubility

Answer 8

a. P b. C c. C d. P e. P f. P

Question 9

Classify the following as chemical or physical properties
a. the Braga Bridge rusts b. sugar dissolves in mrs mattos’ tea c. burning the exam you earned an F on d. Your Ben and Jerry’s ice cream melted f. You baked a cake for Ms Mattos

Answer 9

a. C
b. P
c. C
d. P
f. C

Question 10

Democritus:

Answer 10

The atom, He proposed that everything was made of atoms and that they were all indivisible, this is wrong because you can split atoms (subatomic particles)

Question 11

Dalton:

Answer 11

1. all forms are composed of extremely small particales called atoms
   * 2. all atoms of a given element are the same
2. compounds are composed of atoms of one or more elements and will form only in simple whole number ratios
3. A chemical reaction involves the combination separation or rearrangement of atoms.
4. they cannot be created or destroyed (conservation of mass)
   * not eentirely right because of atoms and isotopes

Question 12

Thomson:

Answer 12

discovered the electron using the cathode ray tube experiment and create the plum pudding model

Question 13

Rutherford:

Answer 13

discovered the nucleus and that the atom was mostly empty space using the gold foil experiment

Question 14

Bohr:

Answer 14

discovered orbitals using the Atomic light spectra