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Subjects > Chemistry Final > Flashcards

Chemistry Final Flashcards

1
Q

Reduction

A

Decrease oxidation number
Gain of electrons
Cathode

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2
Q

Electrolysis

A

The decomposition of a compound into its elements by an electric current.

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3
Q

Electrolyte

A

Compound decomposed

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4
Q

Electrodes

A

Conduct electricity to and from the electrolyte

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5
Q

Anode

A

Positive electrode

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6
Q

Cathode

A

Negative electrode

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7
Q

Power supply should be….

A

Direct current

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8
Q

Extracting aluminum: electrolyte, electrodes, condition

A

Aluminum(III) oxide from bauxite ( +cryolite Na3AlF6)
Carbon anodes and cathodes
40000A, 970*C, molten

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9
Q

Cryolite’s function

A

Improves conductivity

Melting point of electrolyte decreases to 970*C

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10
Q

Electrolysis of brine: Electrodes, diaphragm

A

ANTI CAST - Titanium and steel

Porous diaphragm made of asbestos and polymers (water and ions can pass)

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11
Q

Electrolytic purification of copper

A

ANIM CAPU
Anode sludge
Copper(II) sulfate

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12
Q

Characteristics of equilibrium

A

Dynamic, rate equal, concentration fixed, cond change equi change, closed system

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13
Q

Equilibrium reaction

A

Reversible reaction that products can react together to reform the original reactants.

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14
Q

Open system

A

Without gas=equilibrium

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15
Q

Le Chatelier’s principle

A

If one or more factors that affect an equilibrium is changed, the position of equilibrium shifts in the direction which reduces (opposes) the change.

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16
Q

Factors affecting position of equilibrium

A

Concentration, temperature, pressure.

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17
Q

Stoichiometric number

A

化学计量数

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18
Q

Factors affecting Kc

A

Temperature

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19
Q

Haber process

A

450*C
200atm
Fe

20
Q

Contact process

A

450*C.
>1atm
Vanadium oxide

21
Q

Alkali

A

Base soluble in water

22
Q

Amphoteric

A

React with Base and acid

Like water

23
Q

Strong acids

A

Acids which dissociate almost completely in solution are called strong acids.
Base 一样

24
Q

Weak acids

A

Acids which are only partially dissociated in solution are called weak acids.

25
Q

Rate of a reaction

A

Change in amount of reactants or products divided by time

26
Q

Collision theory

A

In order to react with each other, particles must collide in the correct orientation and with sufficient energy.

27
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum energy that colliding particles must possess for a successful collision to take place is called the activation energy of that particular reaction.

28
Q

A reaction will speed up if

A

The frequency of collisions increases

The proportion of particles with energy greater than the activation energy increases

29
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction but remains chemically unchanged itself at the end of the reaction.

30
Q

Concentration

A

More frequent collisions

31
Q

Temperature

A

More frequent collisions

Successful collisions increase

32
Q

Catalysis

A

Enzymes and substrate, specific

Lower activation energy

33
Q

Oxidation

A

Increase oxidation numbers
Loss of electrons
Anode

34
Q

1234

A

Eth, meth, prop, but

35
Q

567

A

Pent, hex, hept

36
Q

8910

A

Oct, non, dec

37
Q

Periodicity

A

The recurrence of the same pattern in periodic table.

38
Q

下降

A

Atomic radii

39
Q

下降上升下降

A

分界线si和p

Ionic radii

40
Q

山

A

Melting point

41
Q

上升下降上升下降上升

A

First ionization energy

42
Q

With oxygen

A 
Na2O, yellow flame.Limited: white solid
MgO, Al2O3, bright white flame
SiO2, slow
P4O10, cloud product, yellow or white flame
SO2, blue flame
43
Q

With chlorine

A

NaCl, vigorous
MgCl2, Al2Cl6, vigorous
SiCl4, slow
PCl5, slow, excess Cl

44
Q

With water

A

NaOH+H2, molten, float
Mg(OH)2+H2, slow
Hot quick

45
Q

Water and oxides

A 
NaOH, MgOH2, alkaline
Al2(SO4)3+H2O from acid.
Al2O3+NAOH+water=NaAl(OH)4
H3PO4, v
H2SO3 or 4

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