Chemistry Final

Question 1

Reduction

Answer 1

Decrease oxidation number
Gain of electrons
Cathode

Question 2

Electrolysis

Answer 2

The decomposition of a compound into its elements by an electric current.

Question 3

Electrolyte

Answer 3

Compound decomposed

Question 4

Electrodes

Answer 4

Conduct electricity to and from the electrolyte

Question 5

Anode

Answer 5

Positive electrode

Question 6

Cathode

Answer 6

Negative electrode

Question 7

Power supply should be….

Answer 7

Direct current

Question 8

Extracting aluminum: electrolyte, electrodes, condition

Answer 8

Aluminum(III) oxide from bauxite ( +cryolite Na3AlF6)
Carbon anodes and cathodes
40000A, 970*C, molten

Question 9

Cryolite’s function

Answer 9

Improves conductivity

Melting point of electrolyte decreases to 970*C

Question 10

Electrolysis of brine: Electrodes, diaphragm

Answer 10

ANTI CAST - Titanium and steel

Porous diaphragm made of asbestos and polymers (water and ions can pass)

Question 11

Electrolytic purification of copper

Answer 11

ANIM CAPU
Anode sludge
Copper(II) sulfate

Question 12

Characteristics of equilibrium

Answer 12

Dynamic, rate equal, concentration fixed, cond change equi change, closed system

Question 13

Equilibrium reaction

Answer 13

Reversible reaction that products can react together to reform the original reactants.

Question 14

Open system

Answer 14

Without gas=equilibrium

Question 15

Le Chatelier’s principle

Answer 15

If one or more factors that affect an equilibrium is changed, the position of equilibrium shifts in the direction which reduces (opposes) the change.

Question 16

Factors affecting position of equilibrium

Answer 16

Concentration, temperature, pressure.

Question 17

Stoichiometric number

Answer 17

化学计量数

Question 18

Factors affecting Kc

Answer 18

Temperature

Question 19

Haber process

Answer 19

450*C
200atm
Fe

Question 20

Contact process

Answer 20

450*C.
>1atm
Vanadium oxide

Question 21

Alkali

Answer 21

Base soluble in water

Question 22

Amphoteric

Answer 22

React with Base and acid

Like water

Question 23

Strong acids

Answer 23

Acids which dissociate almost completely in solution are called strong acids.
Base 一样

Question 24

Weak acids

Answer 24

Acids which are only partially dissociated in solution are called weak acids.

Question 25

Rate of a reaction

Answer 25

Change in amount of reactants or products divided by time

Question 26

Collision theory

Answer 26

In order to react with each other, particles must collide in the correct orientation and with sufficient energy.

Question 27

Activation energy

Answer 27

Minimum energy that colliding particles must possess for a successful collision to take place is called the activation energy of that particular reaction.

Question 28

A reaction will speed up if

Answer 28

The frequency of collisions increases | The proportion of particles with energy greater than the activation energy increases

Question 29

Catalyst

Answer 29

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction but remains chemically unchanged itself at the end of the reaction.

Question 30

Concentration

Answer 30

More frequent collisions

Question 31

Temperature

Answer 31

More frequent collisions | Successful collisions increase

Question 32

Catalysis

Answer 32

Enzymes and substrate, specific | Lower activation energy

Question 33

Oxidation

Answer 33

Increase oxidation numbers Loss of electrons Anode

Question 34

1234

Answer 34

Eth, meth, prop, but

Question 35

567

Answer 35

Pent, hex, hept

Question 36

8910

Answer 36

Oct, non, dec

Question 37

Periodicity

Answer 37

The recurrence of the same pattern in periodic table.

Question 38

下降

Answer 38

Atomic radii

Question 39

下降上升下降

Answer 39

分界线si和p | Ionic radii

Question 40

山

Answer 40

Melting point

Question 41

上升下降上升下降上升

Answer 41

First ionization energy

Question 42

With oxygen

Answer 42

``` Na2O, yellow flame.Limited: white solid MgO, Al2O3, bright white flame SiO2, slow P4O10, cloud product, yellow or white flame SO2, blue flame ```

Question 43

With chlorine

Answer 43

NaCl, vigorous MgCl2, Al2Cl6, vigorous SiCl4, slow PCl5, slow, excess Cl

Question 44

With water

Answer 44

NaOH+H2, molten, float Mg(OH)2+H2, slow Hot quick

Question 45

Water and oxides

Answer 45

``` NaOH, MgOH2, alkaline Al2(SO4)3+H2O from acid. Al2O3+NAOH+water=NaAl(OH)4 H3PO4, v H2SO3 or 4 ```