Chemistry Final Flashcards
Density
The ratio of mass to volume
Conversion Ladder
Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Base Unit, Deci, Centi, Milli
Sig fig rules
What are the two types of compounds
Covalent and Molecular
Ionic bonds occur when
Atoms transfer electrons
Atoms that gain electrons get a ____ charge
Negative
Metals form ions with a ____ charge
Positive
What are crystals
Large groups of positive and negative ions in a repeating pattern
When do molecular compounds form
When non metals bond together
What compounds have high melting points
Ionic compounds
What compounds are good conductors
Ionic compounds
What is an empirical formula
The smallest whole number ratio from + and - ions in an ionic compound
What is a chemical formula
Tells the makeup of a compound
What is a molecular formula
The exact makeup of 1 molecule
Proton
Located in the nucleus, positive charge
Neutron
Located in nucleus, no charge
Electron
Located in cloud around nucleus, negative charge
Atomic Number
Top left of element, number of protons and neutrons
Atomic mass
Bottom of element, number of electrons
Mixture
Two or more compounds not chemically linked
Mass number
Equal to the number of protons + neutrons the atom has
Atomic mass definition
Weighted average of the masses and their different isotopes
4 points of Daltons theory
All elements made of different elements
All things made of atoms
Atoms can change physically
Chemical reactions are when atoms change
Rutherford gold foil experiment
Rutherford shot small particles at gold foil which had a positive charge. The particles wine through showing atoms are mostly empty space, but they bounced off the nucleus showing the nucleus is positive
Vertical column on periodic table
Group
Who first arranged periodic table
Mendelev
Who changed periodic table to be in order of increasing atomic number
Mosley
The size of an atom is due to
The number of occupied energy levels
As you move from left to right, the size of the atomic radius will
Decrease
As you move down a group, the size of the atoms will
Increase
Ionization energy
Amount of energy needed to remove electrons
Ionization energy needed increases as you move
Across and down .
The size of a positive ion is always _____ than the size of the neutral atom
Smaller
The size of a negative ion is always _____ then the size of the neutral atom
Larger
Properties of ionic bonds
High melting points, dissolve in water, and conduct electricity as liquids and gases
Properties of covalent bonds
Low melting points and no conductivity
Properties of metallic bonds
High melting points and good conductors
Properties of Alkali metals
Low melting points, Very reactive, silver
Properties of alkaline earth metals
Good conductors, 2 valence electrons, 2nd most reactive
Properties of Halogens
Toxic, highly reactive and electronegative, and have 7 valence electrons
Properties of noble gases
Non reactive, low electronegativity, low boiling points, 8 valence electrons
Transition metals
Good conductors, high melting points, 2 valence electrons
Properties of Metals
High melting points, good conductors, high density, malleable
Properties of nonmetals
Bad conductors, not malleable, low density
Electronegativity
The tendency to attract electrons towards itself
How does electronegativity get stronger
As you move up and right on the table
Atomic radius
Size of the atom, gets stronger as you move left and down
How does Ionization energy get stronger
As you move up and right on the table
Octet rule
All elements need 8 valence electrons in the outer shell
What is distillation
Purifying a liquid by heating or cooling
