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Sophomore Study Sets > Chemistry Final > Flashcards

Chemistry Final Flashcards

1
Q

Density

A

The ratio of mass to volume

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2
Q

Conversion Ladder

A

Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Base Unit, Deci, Centi, Milli

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3
Q

Sig fig rules

A
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4
Q

What are the two types of compounds

A

Covalent and Molecular

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5
Q

Ionic bonds occur when

A

Atoms transfer electrons

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6
Q

Atoms that gain electrons get a ____ charge

A

Negative

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7
Q

Metals form ions with a ____ charge

A

Positive

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8
Q

What are crystals

A

Large groups of positive and negative ions in a repeating pattern

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9
Q

When do molecular compounds form

A

When non metals bond together

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10
Q

What compounds have high melting points

A

Ionic compounds

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11
Q

What compounds are good conductors

A

Ionic compounds

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12
Q

What is an empirical formula

A

The smallest whole number ratio from + and - ions in an ionic compound

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13
Q

What is a chemical formula

A

Tells the makeup of a compound

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14
Q

What is a molecular formula

A

The exact makeup of 1 molecule

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15
Q

Proton

A

Located in the nucleus, positive charge

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16
Q

Neutron

A

Located in nucleus, no charge

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17
Q

Electron

A

Located in cloud around nucleus, negative charge

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18
Q

Atomic Number

A

Top left of element, number of protons and neutrons

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19
Q

Atomic mass

A

Bottom of element, number of electrons

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20
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more compounds not chemically linked

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21
Q

Mass number

A

Equal to the number of protons + neutrons the atom has

22
Q

Atomic mass definition

A

Weighted average of the masses and their different isotopes

23
Q

4 points of Daltons theory

A

All elements made of different elements
All things made of atoms
Atoms can change physically
Chemical reactions are when atoms change

24
Q

Rutherford gold foil experiment

A

Rutherford shot small particles at gold foil which had a positive charge. The particles wine through showing atoms are mostly empty space, but they bounced off the nucleus showing the nucleus is positive

25
Q

Vertical column on periodic table

A

Group

26
Q

Who first arranged periodic table

A

Mendelev

27
Q

Who changed periodic table to be in order of increasing atomic number

A

Mosley

28
Q

The size of an atom is due to

A

The number of occupied energy levels

29
Q

As you move from left to right, the size of the atomic radius will

A

Decrease

30
Q

As you move down a group, the size of the atoms will

A

Increase

31
Q

Ionization energy

A

Amount of energy needed to remove electrons

32
Q

Ionization energy needed increases as you move

A

Across and down .

33
Q

The size of a positive ion is always _____ than the size of the neutral atom

A

Smaller

34
Q

The size of a negative ion is always _____ then the size of the neutral atom

A

Larger

35
Q

Properties of ionic bonds

A

High melting points, dissolve in water, and conduct electricity as liquids and gases

36
Q

Properties of covalent bonds

A

Low melting points and no conductivity

37
Q

Properties of metallic bonds

A

High melting points and good conductors

38
Q

Properties of Alkali metals

A

Low melting points, Very reactive, silver

39
Q

Properties of alkaline earth metals

A

Good conductors, 2 valence electrons, 2nd most reactive

40
Q

Properties of Halogens

A

Toxic, highly reactive and electronegative, and have 7 valence electrons

41
Q

Properties of noble gases

A

Non reactive, low electronegativity, low boiling points, 8 valence electrons

42
Q

Transition metals

A

Good conductors, high melting points, 2 valence electrons

43
Q

Properties of Metals

A

High melting points, good conductors, high density, malleable

44
Q

Properties of nonmetals

A

Bad conductors, not malleable, low density

45
Q

Electronegativity

A

The tendency to attract electrons towards itself

46
Q

How does electronegativity get stronger

A

As you move up and right on the table

47
Q

Atomic radius

A

Size of the atom, gets stronger as you move left and down

48
Q

How does Ionization energy get stronger

A

As you move up and right on the table

49
Q

Octet rule

A

All elements need 8 valence electrons in the outer shell

50
Q

What is distillation

A

Purifying a liquid by heating or cooling

Sophomore Study Sets (25 decks)

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