CHEMISTRY CON'T Flashcards
What are isotopes?
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.
What changes to make an atom and isotope?
For a given element, the number of protons remains the same whereas the number of neutrons varies
What is the simplest form of matter that can naturally exist as pure substance or in combination with other elements
an atom or element
What is a compound
when a atom or element exists with other elements
What is a chemical equation
Recipes where reactants react to produce desired end results or compounds called products
What is the law of conservation of mass
It states that mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction; the equation must be balanced
Equilibrium is a state in which ______ are forming_____ at the same rate that ____ are forming reactants.
reactants; products ; products , reactants
Name FOUR ways to increase chemical reaction rates
- Increase the temperature in the reaction
- Increase the surface area of the reaction
- Add a catalyst
- Increase the concentration
Is a solution homogeneous?
Yes
What is a solution?
A homogeneous MIXTURE of two or more substances
Name four types of solutions
- Compounds- mixtures of different ELEMENTS to create a single matter
- Alloys- Solid solutions of metal
- Amalgams- A specific type of alloy in which a metal is dissolved in mercury
- Emulsion- Mixture of matter that readily separate such as oil and water
Avogadro’s number
a mole- 6.02 x 1023.. more than a trillion trillions
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
A mixture is formed when two or more substances are physically mixed together.
A compound is formed when two or more substances are chemically combined through a chemical reaction.
The components of a mixture can be separated with relative ease, whereas the components of a compound are almost impossible to separate without a chemical reaction
What are Chemical reactions?
Involves making or changing chemical bonds between elements or compounds to create NEW CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS WITH DIFFERENT CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
What is a synthesis?
a) Chemical reaction
b) Two ELEMENTS combine to form a product
What is decomposition?
A chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into its component parts
Define Combustion
Its creates heat (exothermic) a chemical reaction where oxygen and fuel compound react
Single replacement reaction
consists of a more active metal reacting with an ionic compound containing a less active metal to produce a new compound
Double replacement reaction
Involves two ionic compounds; the positive ion from one compound combines with the negative ion of the other compound
Chemical Bonding
The joining of one atom element or chemical to another
How is strength of chemical bonding determined?
By the interplay of the electrons in the outer shell of the atom
A _______ is an ELECTROSTATIC attraction between two oppositely charged ions, or a cation and an anion.
IONIC BOND .. generally between a metal and nonmetal
A _____ bond is formed when ____ atoms share electrons electrons with one pair from each atom.
COVALENT BOND, TWO
What is a non-polar bond?
Happens in covalent bonding compound; when electrons are shared equally.. If not shared equally it is a POLAR BOND
Intermolecular forces (MF)
Not bonding interactions between atoms within a molecule but weaker forces of attraction
Name three IMF
- Hydrogen bonding
- Dipole-dipole interactions
- dispersion forces
What involves the transfer of electrons from one element to another
Oxidation (loss of electrons)/reduction (gain of electrons)reactions
OIL RIG
Acids are ______ to metals
corrosive; metals
Bases are ______ compounds
alkaline compounds; denature proteins (makes them feel slick)
Acids are compounds that are _______ or __________
Hydrogen; proton (hydrogen in its ionic state is a proton)
Bases are ______ or ______ _______ and have a hydroxide (OH) group in the makeup of the molecule.
hydrogen; proton acceptors
________ IS THE WORD USED TO DESCRIBE THE EMISSION OF PARTICLES AD/OR ENERGY FROM AN UNSTABLE NUCLEUS.
RADIOACTIVITY..THE PARTICLES THAT ARE EMITTED ARE RADIATION
Name three types of radiation and their functions
- Alpha radiation- emission of helium nuclei
- Beta radiation- product of decomposition of a neutron or protoN
- Gamma radiation- high-energy electromagnetic radiation (like x-rays but with more energy)
Deoxyribose and ribose are used in the formation of ____ and ____
DNA and RNA
What is the simplest type of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What is the most abundant bio molecule
Carbohydrate
Disaccharide
When two Monosaccharides are joined together (sucrose)
What is an Oligo- Monosaccharide?
When three to six Monosaccharides are joined together
Poly- Monosaccharide
more than six and up to thousands Monosaccharides joined together (can be called a starch) Cellulose (made by plants) Glycogen (made by animals)
What is Glycolysis?
When glucose is metabolized by a chemical pathway in the body
Gluconegenesis
When the liver makes glucose from other non carbohydrate sources
Proteins are made up of ____ acids.
Amino acids
What are amino acids composed of
Amino acids are small chemical compounds that contain both an amino functional group and a carboxyl functional group.
How many amino acids are needed by human to make all the proteins for life
20
