A& P

Question 1

Study of tissue

Answer 1

Histology

Question 2

Name the four types of tissue

Answer 2

• Epithelial cells (cover, line and protect the body and its internal organs)
• Connective tissue framework for body providing support and structure for organs
• Muscle tissue can contract and shorten
• Nerve tissue- composed of neurons and connective tissue cells (neuroglia)

Epic Connections Make Nervous

Question 3

Name the layers of the epidermis

Answer 3

• Stratum basale
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum corneum

Basil spinash granola-laced corn

Before signing get legal counsel

Question 4

What are the two types of sweat glands

Answer 4

Search Results

There are two types of sweat glands, eccrine and apocrine.

Eccrine is the most numerous type that is found all over the body particularly on the palms, soles of the feet, and forehead. Apocrine is mostly the armpits. They end in hair follicles instead of or pores.

Question 5

How are bones classified

Answer 5

By shape

a) Long bones
b) flat bones
c) irregular bones
d) sesamoid bones

Question 6

How do muscle contractions happen?

Answer 6

Results from the sliding together of ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS WITHIN THE MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER

Question 7

What are muscle cells made up of?

Answer 7

Myofibrils ( which are made up of sacromeres)

Question 8

What must be present for a muscle cell to contract?

Answer 8

Calcium and ATP

Question 9

What is the process for muscle contraction?

Answer 9

Nervous stimulation from motor neurons ->release of Ca ions from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM -> Ca ions attach to inhibitory proteins on actin filaments within cell -> cross bridges form between actin and myosin filaments -> using energy supplied by ATP filaments slide together

Question 10

Another name for skeletal muscles

Answer 10

voluntary muscles

Question 11

How are muscles classified

Answer 11

according to the movements they elicit

a) flexors reduce the angle at the joint
b) extensors increase the angle
c) abductors draw a limb away from the mid-line
d) adductors return the limb back toward the body

Question 12

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of ______ impulses over ________

Answer 12

Nerve impulses over neurons (or nerve cells)

Question 13

Name the parts of the neuron

Answer 13

• Cell body
• Axon
• Dendrites

Question 14

_______transmit the impulse toward the cell body, ____transmit the impulse away from the body.

Answer 14

Dendrites & axons

DTB/AAB

Question 15

What is the CNS comprised of ?

Answer 15

Spinal Cord& Brain

Question 16

What is the PNS comprised of ?

Answer 16

composed of all other neurons in the body

Question 17

Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit nerve impulses ____ the CNS.

Answer 17

toward

Question 18

Motor (efferent) neurons transmit nerve impulses ____from the CNS toward the effector organs (muscles glands and digestive organs)

Answer 18

away

Question 19

What does the cerebrum do?

Answer 19

its associated with movement and sensory input

Question 20

Cerebellum?

Answer 20

Responsible for muscular coordination

Question 21

Medulla oblongata

Answer 21

controls many vital functions such as respiration and heart rate

Question 22

______ are chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation and metabolism of specific target cells

Answer 22

Hormones

Question 23

What are the two major types of hormones?

Answer 23

Steroid - enter target cells and have a direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus

Non-steroid- some are protein hormones

Question 24

Most hormones affect cell activity by__________

Answer 24

altering the rate of protein synthesis

Question 25

What glands produces hormones

Answer 25

**endocrine glands.**. widely distributed throughout body

Question 26

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 26

adenohypophysis (make tropic hormones)

Question 27

posterior lobe

Answer 27

neurohypophysis (oxytocin and ADH)

Question 28

External respiration

Answer 28

exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood

Question 29

Internal respiration

Answer 29

exchange of gases between the **blood and nasal cavities** and the **alveoli** conduct gases to and from the lungs

Question 30

Alimentary Canal

Answer 30

digestive tube consisting of * mouth, * pharynx, * esophagus, * stomach, * small intestine, * rectum and * anus

Question 31

Enzyme ins saliva

Answer 31

**amylase-** starts the digestion of complex carbohydrates

Question 32

Esophagus

Answer 32

a narrow tube leading from the **pharynx to the stomach**

Question 33

What are the four layers of the digestive tract

Answer 33

* mucous membrane * sub mucous layer * muscular layer * serous layer Music substitutes musket service

Question 34

A _____ of food is turned into a substance called ____ by the stomach muscles

Answer 34

bolus; chyme

Question 35

Where does digestion and absorption of food occur

Answer 35

small intestine

Question 36

Three parts of the small intestine (where nutrients are absorbed)

Answer 36

**duodenum** **jejunum** **ileum** **Duo Jugs Illicit**

Question 37

Where is nutrients decontaminated ?

Answer 37

Nutrients enter the hepatic portal vein to be routed to the **liver** for decontamination

Question 38

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 38

**reabsorbs water** and **stores and eliminates undigested food**

Question 39

What are the parts of the large intestine ?

Answer 39

* the ascending colon * the transverse colon * the descending colon * the sigmoid colon * the rectum

Question 40

Four parts of the urinary system

Answer 40

* two kidneys (filter blood) * two ureters (transport urine to urinary bladder) * urinary bladder (urine is stored) * urethra (urine comes out)

Question 41

What are nephrons?

Answer 41

In kidney **small coiled tubes** that filter waste out of blood process occurs through GLOMERULUS in Bowman's capsule of the nephron

Question 42

Blood makup and functions

Answer 42

55% plasma 45% formed elements Blood transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells and carrys away carbon dioxide and metabolic waste

Question 43

Erthrocytes

Answer 43

red blood cells

Question 44

leukocytes

Answer 44

white blood cells (active in phagocytosis and antibody formation

Question 45

platelets

Answer 45

active in blood clotting

Question 46

Pulmonary Circuit

Answer 46

blood is oxygenated here; blood flow to the lungs and back to the heart.

Question 47

systemic circuit

Answer 47

flow of blood through the body from the heart to the body and back to the heart. This is opposed to the pulmonary circuit which is blood flow to the lungs and back to the heart.

Question 48

Blood pathway via heart

Answer 48

Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.

Question 49

how is heart beat initiated

Answer 49

The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cells located in the right atrium, called the SA node. The electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes them to contract. This forces blood into the ventricles. The SA node sets the rate and rhythm of your heartbeat

Question 50

cardiac cycle

Answer 50

period from the end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction

Question 51

Vascular System

Answer 51

* arteries (begin with aorta branches go throughout body) * veins * capillaries

Question 52

Arteries

Answer 52

carry blood away from the heart; smallest called arterioles

Question 53

veins

Answer 53

carry blood toward the heart

Question 54

capillaries

Answer 54

smallest of vessels, where the exchanges of water, nutrients and waste products take place between blood and surrounding tissues

Question 55

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Answer 55

result from contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls

Question 56

Name the anatomical positions

Answer 56

**Anterior:** Front, or toward the front **Posterior:** Back, or toward the back **Dorsal:** Back, or toward the back (think of a whale’s dorsal fin) **Ventral:** Front, or toward the front (think of an air vent) **Lateral:** On the side, or toward the side **Medial/median:** Middle, or toward the middle **Proximal**: Nearer to the point of attachment (such as the armpit) **Distal:** Farther from the point of attachment **Superior:** Situated above, or higher than, another body part **Inferior:** Situated below, or lower than, another body part **Peripheral:** Away from the center

Question 57

what is the difference between the axial and appendicuar skeletal system?

Answer 57

The axial skeleton is the skeletal structure (bones, cartilage, ligaments) that comprises the **medial part of a body**, also known as the **trunk (spine, ribs, skull, etc).** In humans, much of the axial skeleton acts as a protective encasement for central nervous system tissue, whereas the apendicular skeleton provides no such function The appendicular skeleton is the peripheral skeletal structure that includes **arms, legs, pelvis (excluding the sacrum), and shoulder**. It too, like the axial skeleton, is primarily comprised of bones and is **held together with ligaments, with cartilage as the connective tissue** that performs various functions essentially relating to making the joints run smoother.