Chemistry Clinical Sciences 4-6 Flashcards
Mass, Moles and Mr Equation
Moles= Mass/ Mr
How many molecules in 1 mole?
23
6.02 x 10
What is a mole?
A mole is the same as Avogadro’s number which is the number of Atoms found in 12g of Carbon-12.
What is molar mass?
The mass of 1 mole of the substance.
If you have the moles of a substance:
a) how would you find the number of molecules?
b) how would you find the mass of a substance?
a) Multiply by the Avogadro’s Constant.
b) Multiply by the Molar Mass
What volume does 1 mole of ANY gas occupy?
Occupies the same VOLUME at standard pressure and temperature.
What is the Gas Equation and what does each letter stand for?
PV= NRT P= Pressure is 100kPa R is a constant T= Temperature is 273K V= Volume is 22.4 L
How do you work out the concentration of solutions?
Molarity (mol/L)= Number of Moles/ Volume in Litres.
What is Molarity?
The SOLUTION CONCENTRATION expressed as number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 litre of solution.
What equation represents the Concentration of Solutions?
C1 x V1 = C2 x V2
Conversions:
mg to G + G to mg
x1000
/1000
Conversions:
ml to L + L to ml
x1000
/1000
Conversions:
Microlitres to Litres
Litres to Microlitres
x1,000,000
/1,000,000
Conversions:
Nanolitres to Litres
Litres to Nanolitres
x1,000,000,000
/1,000,000,000
What do Chemical Reactions involve?
Compound changing identity
Energy changes
Breaking/ Making of bonds
Rearrangement of valent electrons
What do Chemical Equations describe?
Symbols represent elements
Formula describe composition of compounds
Show changes in compounds
What is the percentage yield equation?
Percentage Yield= Actual Yield/ Theoretical Yield (x100).
What does Quantum theory explain?
Explains the nature and behaviour of matter and explains energy on a atomic and subatomic level.
What 3 observations can Quantum theory explain which classical mechanics cannot?
Spectra of light emitted by atoms- How much light is given out by atoms.
Electrons in an atom are stable and stay in their orbitals.
Light can behave as if it is made up of photons with energy depending on frequency.
What is the uncertainty principal?
You will never know both the exact location and velocity of a subatomic particle at the same time.
How are electrons described by the Schrodinger equation? How are electrons written in the Schrodinger equation?
As waves but are written as quantum numbers.
When an electron absorbs a photon of light, what does this allow the electron todo?
In atoms electrons are in energy levels. ABSORPTION of a PHOTON of light allows an electron to JUMP UP to a HIGHER level.
What does measuring the energy of the photon show us?
The energy difference between levels to be determined which showed ENERGY LEVELS are NOT EQUALLY spaced.
What is ionisation energy?
An ionisation energy is the AMOUNT of ENERGY needed to REMOVE ELECTRONS from atoms/ ions.
What is the DEFINITION of first ionisation energy?
DEFINTION: First ionization energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons (to infinity) from one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous positive ions.
Why is energy needed to remove electrons?
As electrons are negatively charged and protons in the nucleus are positively charged, there will be an attraction between them, so energy is required to pull the electrons away.