Chemistry Chp 3 Chem Fundamentals

Question 1

what are the SI base units and abbreviations for the following measures:
- length
- mass
- time
- amount of substance
- temperature
- electric current

Answer 1

length: meters, m
mass: kilogram, kg
time: second, s
amount of substance: mole, mol
Temperature: Kelvin, K
Electric Current: Ampere, A

Question 2

what is the prefix for the following measures
- 10^-9
- 10^-6
- 10^-3
- 10^-2
- 10^3
- 10^6

Answer 2

• nano
• micro
• milli
• centi
• kilo
• mega

Question 3

what is the conversion for a liter to cubic meter

Answer 3

1000 L = 1 cubic meter

Question 4

What unit is used for solution concentrations

Answer 4

molarity, M

Question 5

what does molarity equal to

Answer 5

moles of solute per liter of solution

Question 6

what is 1 mL convert to

Answer 6

1 mL= 1 centimeter cubed=1 cc

Question 7

what is the angstrom

Answer 7

it is a unit of length equal to 10^-10 m and is used for atoms and bond length

Question 8

what is order of magnitude

Answer 8

factor of 10

Question 9

what is the conversion rate for kg/m^3 to g/cm^3

Answer 9

to go from kg/m^3 to g/cm^3 divide by 1000

to go from g/cm^3 to kg/m^3 multiply 1000

Question 10

what is the molecular formula

Answer 10

the description of a compound that gives the identities and numbers of the atoms in the molecule

Question 11

what is an empirical formula

Answer 11

the simplest description of a compound in which the ratio of the atoms is at its smallest

Question 12

list the 13 common polyatomic ions

Answer 12

look at notes for formula
ammonium
hydronium
acetate
bicarbonate
cyanide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrite
perchlorate
carbonate
sulfate
sulfite
phosphate

Question 13

unit for atomic weight

Answer 13

atomic mass unit aka amu

Question 14

what is Avogadro’s number

Answer 14

1 mole of any substance is equal to 6.02*10^23 entities

Question 15

how do you find moles of a substance

Answer 15

mass in grams/molecular weight

Question 16

How do you balance a chem reaction

Answer 16

1. start with most complex species and add to the coeff so that the atoms are the same on both sides
2. balance the next atom and continue to do so until every element and their numbers match up on both sides
3. if there is a fraction as a coeff then mult the whole reaction in order to get whole number coeff

Question 17

what is the limiting reagent

Answer 17

it is the reactant that runs out first in a chem equation meaning that it limits how much product can be made

Question 18

how do you determine limiting reagent

Answer 18

1. make sure chem equation is balanced
2. figure out molecular weight of each reactant
3. determine moles of each reactant
4. the one with the lowest moles is the limiting reagent