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Chemistry > Chemistry (Chapter 8) > Flashcards

Chemistry (Chapter 8) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

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2
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

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3
Q

What is a diatomic molecule?

A

A molecule consisting of two atoms.

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4
Q

What is a molecular compound?

A

A compound that is composed of molecules.

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5
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

A chemical formula of a compound that shows the kinds and number of atoms present in a molecule of a compound.

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6
Q

What is a single covalent bond?

A

A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.

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7
Q

What is a structural formula?

A

A chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule or a poly-atomic ion; each ash between a pair of atoms indicates a pair of shared electrons.

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8
Q

What is an unshared pair?

A

A pair of valence electrons that is not shared between atoms.

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9
Q

What is a double covalent bond?

A

A bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons.

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10
Q

What is a triple covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms.

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11
Q

What is a coordinate covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond in which one atom contributes both bonding elements.

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12
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

A tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and has a positive or negative change.

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13
Q

What is bond dissociation energy?

A

The energy that is required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms; this value is usually expressed in kJ per mol of substance.

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14
Q

What is resonance structure?

A

One of the two or more equally valid electron dot structures of a molecule or polyatomic ion.

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15
Q

What is a molecular orbital?

A

An orbital that applies to the entire molecule.

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16
Q

What is a bonding orbital?

A

A molecule orbital that can be occupied by two electrons of a covalent bond.

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17
Q

What is a sigma bond?

A

A bond formed when two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical around that axis connecting the two atomic nuclei.

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18
Q

What is a Pi bond?

A

A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are most likely to be found in sausage-shaped regions above and below the bond axis of the bonded atoms.

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19
Q

What is a tetrahedral angle?

A

A bond angle of 109.5 that results when a central atom forms four bonds directed toward the center of a regular tetrahedron.

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20
Q

What is the VESPR theory?

A

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory; because electron pairs repel. molecule adjust their shapes so that the valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible.

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21
Q

What is hybridization?

A

The mixing of several atomic orbitals to form the same total number of equivalent hybrid orbitals.

22
Q

What are the VSEPR model and shapes?

A
  1. Linear
  2. Trigonal planar
  3. Bent
  4. Pyramidal
  5. Tetrahedral
23
Q

What are the van der Waals forces?

A

The two weakest intermolecular attractions-dispersion interactions and dipole forces.

24
Q

What is an unshared pair?

A

A pair of valence electrons that is not shared between atoms.

25
Q

How many neighbors does a hexagonal close-packed arrangement have?

A

Twelve.

26
Q

Molecules consisting of two atoms.

A

Diatomic molecules.

27
Q

The chemical formula of a molecular compound?

A

Molecular formula.

28
Q

Do molecular compounds have high or low melting points?

A

Low

29
Q

Joins atoms held together by sharing electrons?

A

Covalent bonds.

30
Q

Two atoms held together by sharing one pair of electrons are joined by what?

A

Single covalent bond.

31
Q

Represents the covalent bonds as dashes and shows the arrangement of covalently bonded atoms.

A

Structural formula.

32
Q

Pair of valence electrons that is not shared between atoms.

A

Unshared pair.

33
Q

Bond that involves two pairs of shared pairs of electrons.

A

Double covalent bonds.

34
Q

Bonds that involves three shared pairs of electrons?

A

Triple covalent bond.

35
Q

A covalent bond in which one atom contribute both bonding electrons.

A

Coordinate covalent bond.

36
Q

A tightly bound group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and behaves as a unit?

A

Polyatomic unit.

37
Q

The energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms?

A

Bond dissociation energy.

38
Q

Structures that occur when it is possible to draw two or more valid electron dot structures that have the same number of electron pairs for a molecule?

A

Resonance structures.

39
Q

What are three ways the octet rule can sometimes fail to be obeyed?

A

When the total number of valence electrons is an odd number, when molecules have less than a complete octet of electrons, when molecules have more than a complete octet of electrons.

40
Q

The quantum mechanical model of bonding assumes that atomic orbitals overlap to produce ______.

A

Molecular orbitals.

41
Q

A molecular orbital that can be occupied by two electrons of a covalent bond?

A

Bonding orbital.

42
Q

Produced when two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical around the axis connecting two atomic nuclei.

A

Sigma.

43
Q

Produced when atomic orbitals overlap side by side?

A

Pi bond.

44
Q

What states that because the electron pairs repel, molecular shape adjusts so the valence-electron pairs are as far apart as possible?

A

VSEPR theory.

45
Q

The weakest of all molecular interactions, are caused by the motion of electrons.

A

Dispersion forces.

46
Q

Arrange the following in: order of increasing strength: dipole interactions, dispersion interactions, and hydrogen bonds.

A

Dispersions
dipole
hydrogen

47
Q

A substance in which all of the atoms are covalently bonded to each other.

A

Network solid.

48
Q

A term used to describe the weakest intermolecular attractions; these include dispersion forces and dipole forces

A

Van der Waals forces.

49
Q

A molecular in which one end is slightly positive and the other end is slightly negative.

A

Polar molecule

50
Q

Bond in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another electronegative atoms.

A

Hydrogen bond.

51
Q

A molecule in which one end is slightly positive and the other end is slightly negative.

A

Polar molecule

Chemistry (12 decks)

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