Chemistry Chapter 6 "Chemical Bonding" Flashcards
chemical bonding
is a mutal electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence elctrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together.
covalent bonding
results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
ionic bonding
chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions
nonpolar-covalent bond
a covalent bond in which the bonding elctrons are shared eually by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge
polar
meaning that they have an uneven distribution of charge
polar-covalent bond
is a covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons
bond energy
is the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms
bond lengeth
the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms
chemical formula
indicates the relative numbers of atoms fo each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts
diatomic molecule
is a molecule containing only two atoms
double bond
is a covalent bond produced by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms.
electron-dot notation
is an electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element’s symbol
Lewis structure
formula in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons.
lone pair
is a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exculsively to one atom
molecular compound
a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules is call molecular compound
molecular formula
indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numberical subscripts
molecle
is a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds
multiple bond
double and triple bonds are referred to as multiple bonds
octet rule
chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom,by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level
resonance
refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure
single bond
is a covalent bond produced by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms
structural formula
indicates the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared pairs of the atoms in a milecule
triple bond
ia a covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms
unshared pair
is a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs xclusively to one atom
formula unit
is the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formula can be established
ionic compound
is composed of positive and negative ion that ar combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal
lattice energy
is the energy released when
polyatomic ion
a charged group of covalently bonded atoms is known as a polyatomic ion.
ductility
is the ablity of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire
malleability
is the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets
metallic bonding
the chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons
