Chemistry Chapter 5

Question 1

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 1

A chemical bond that is made by sharing electrons.

-chemical, share electrons

Question 2

Homonuclear diatomic

Answer 2

A molecule consisting of two atoms of the same element.

-Molecules, 2 atoms, same element

Question 3

What is the ideal electron configuration for most elements.

Answer 3

8 valence electrons

Question 4

What is the ideal electron configuration for Hydrogen?

Answer 4

2 valence electrons

Question 5

Covalent Compound

Answer 5

A compound whose elements are held together with covalent bonds.

-compound, covalent bond

Question 6

What do covalent bonds not contain and why?

Answer 6

Metal; Metals give away electrons, non-metals take electrons; thus no covalent bond is formed.

Question 7

Do covalent compounds contain metalloids? Why?

Answer 7

Yes, metalloids have some properties of metals but do not give away their electrons the same way.

Question 8

You have a compound with a metal and a non-metal. What type of bond is used?

Answer 8

Ionic — metals cannot be part of covalent compound.

Question 9

What are the prefixes from naming Covalent Compounds (1-6)

Answer 9

1 — mono
2 — di
3 — tri
4 — tetra
5 — penta
6 — hexagon

Question 10

Periodic Properties

Answer 10

Atomic properties that vary in a predictable way across the periodic table.

-atom, properties, vary, predictable, PT

Question 11

Atomic Radius

Answer 11

The distance from the center of the nucleus to the atom’s valence electrons.

-distance, nucleus —> atoms valence electrons

Question 12

How does the atomic radius vary as you travel along the Periodic Table?

Answer 12

As you travel up the periodic table ^ and to the right > the atomic radius decreases.

-up & Right —> decreases

Question 13

What happens to the atomic radius as you go down the Periodic Table?

Answer 13

The number of protons in the nucleus increase, so the nucleus is stoneground at pulling on electrons. However, the atom also gets larger, which puts the nucleus farther away from the electrons, making it less effective at tugging on electrons. The size of the atom has a greater effect than the number of Ro protons in the nucleus, so in the end as you move down the Periodic Table, the atoms tug on electrons less strongly.

Question 14

Electronegativity

Answer 14

A measure of how strongly atoms attract electrons in a covalent bond.

-measure, strength, electrons attraction, covalent bond

Question 15

What happens to electronegativity as you move across the Periodic Table?

Answer 15

As you travel up the Periodic table and to the right, electronegativity increases.

^ & >, electronegativity increases

Question 16

Polar covalent molecule

Answer 16

A molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in slight charges within the molecule itself.

-electron, uneven, charges in molecule

Question 17

What type of bonds must a polar covalent molecule have?

Answer 17

Polar covalent bonds

Question 18

Purely covalent bond

Answer 18

A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally.

Question 19

How do you know if a molecule has a polar covalent bond?

Answer 19

To have a polar bond, you need to have electrons shared between two different atoms whose electronegativities are different. The greater the difference in electronegativity the greater the polarization.

-different atoms, electronegative difference, > = > polarization