Chemistry Chapter 5 Flashcards
highest/lowest part of a wave
crest/trough
wavelength
crest to crest
frequency
number of waves that pass a point in 1 sec, shorter wl, higher frequency
how fast does electromagnetic radiation travel
speed of light
wave equation
c = λ f, speed wl, frequency, m/s
photon
energy moving at speed of light, characteristics of both particle and wave, energy proportional to frequency
how is energy lost
as a photon
energy levels and amount of electrons
s(1-2), p(3-6), d(5-10), f(7-14)
orbital
3d space around nucleus where electrons can be found
how many sublevels in n=2
2s, 2p
how many orbitals in n=4
4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f.
each orbital can hold
2 max electrons
before you pair off electrons
1 electron in each box
electron configuration
different from orbital diagram, has electron above level
other things to know
electron chart and configurations on periodic table
number of valence electrons
used for dot diagrams, increasing by group
atomic radius increases
down and to the left
ionization energy
As the distance from the nucleus to the valence electron increases, the ionization energy decreases and less energy is required to remove the valence electron. Ionization increases up and to the right
metallic character increases
down and to the left
electronegativity
The tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself, increases up and to the right
