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chemistry- paper 1 > chemistry changes > Flashcards

chemistry changes Flashcards

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1
Q

when metals react..

A

their atoms lose electrons to form positive metal ions

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2
Q

is metals lose electrons more easily =

A

they are more reactive

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3
Q

top of reactivity series =

A

lithium
sodium
potassium

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4
Q

bottom of period table

A

copper, gold

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5
Q

displacement reactions

A

-a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal

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6
Q

oxidation

A

is loss of electrons

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7
Q

reduction

A

is gain of electrons

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8
Q

method of extraction

A

depends on how reactive it is

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9
Q

pH scale

A

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution

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10
Q

pH 7

A

neutral

(GREEN)💚

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11
Q

pH >7

A

acidic

(RED)❤️

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12
Q

pH <7

A

alkaline

(PURPLE)💜

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13
Q

pH scale measured:

A

using pH probe or universal indicator

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14
Q

indicators

A

dyes that change colour depending on what solutions they are in

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15
Q

soluble bases=

A

alkalis

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16
Q

acids are neutralised by

A

bases

17
Q

acids=

A

Contain hydrogen irons

18
Q

alkalis=

A

contain hydroxide ions

19
Q

acid + metal oxide —>

A

salt + water

20
Q

acid + metal carbonate —>

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

21
Q

hydrochloric acid =

A

chloride salts

22
Q

nitric acid =

A

nitrate salts

23
Q

sulfuric acid =

A

sulfate salts

24
Q

strong acids

A

-completely ionised in water

hydrochloric acid, nitric acid & sulfuric acid

25
Q

weak acids

A

-partially ionised in water

ethanoic acid, citric acid & carbonic acid

26
Q

soluble salts from insoluble bases

A

can be made by reacting acids with insoluble bases

27
Q

insoluble bases

A

metal oxides, metal hydroxides & metal carbonates

28
Q

practical=

A
  • copper oxide + sulfuric acid
  • filter to remove any unreacted copper oxide
  • evaporate using electric heater to leave behind blue crystals of the ‘salt’ copper sulfate
29
Q

electrolysis

A

using electrical current to break down compounds

30
Q

negatively charged ions move

A

to the anode

31
Q

anode

A

positive electrode

32
Q

positively charged ions move

A

to the cathode

33
Q

cathode

A

negative electrode

34
Q

negative electrode

A
  • hydrogen is produced if metal is more reactive than hydrogen
  • the metal is produced if the metal is less reactive than hydrogen
35
Q

positive electrode

A
  • oxygen is produced unless the solution contains halide ions
  • if halide ions are present, halogen is produced
36
Q

electrolysis of sodium chloride solution

A
  • hydrogen is released at the negative electrode

- chlorine gas is released at the positive electrode

chemistry- paper 1 (5 decks)

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