chemistry c1 atomic structure Flashcards
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a substance that has 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together.
What is an element?
An element is a substance containing only 1 type of atom.
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance containing 2 or more different types of elements chemically bonded together.
What is an atomic number?
An atomic number is the number of protons in the atom.
What is a balanced symbol equation?
A balanced symbol equation is a symbol equation in which there are equal numbers of each type of atom on either side of the equation.
What is an electron?
An electron is a tiny particle with a negative charge.
What is the electronic structure?
A set of numbers to show the arrangement of electrons in their shell.
What is a group (In the periodic table)?
Vertical columns of elements (labelled 1 to 7 and 0) with similar properties.
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom caused by the loss or gain of electrons.
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom of the same type (same number of protons) but with a different number of neutrons.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
The total mass of the products is equal to the total mass of the reactants.
What is the mass number?
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
What is a neutron?
A dense, neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus.
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is an arrangement of elements in order of their atomic numbers, forming groups and periods.
What is a product?
A substance made as a result of a chemical reaction.
What is a proton?
A tiny positive particle found within the nucleus of an atom.
What is a reactant?
A substance we start with before a chemical reaction takes place.
What is a shell?
The orbit of the electrons follow around the nucleus.
What is a state symbol?
The abbreviations used in a balanced symbol equation to show if reactants and products are solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), or dissolved in water (aq).
What is a symbol equation?
An equation that helps you see how much of each substance is involved in a chemical reaction by showing the chemical symbols and formulae of all the reactants and products involved.
What is the word equation of water?
Hydrogen + oxygen → Water.
What is the balanced symbol equation for Water?
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O.
Who proved atoms existed and when?
John Dalton in 1800s.
What did John Dalton believe atoms were?
Tiny spheres which could not be divided or split.
Who discovered Electrons and when?
JJ Thompson in 1897.
What model of the atom did JJ Thompson propose?
Plum pudding model.
Who discovered the nucleus and when?
Geiger and Marsden in 1913.
How was the nucleus discovered and the nuclear model created?
Positive alpha particles were fired at thin gold foil. Most particles went straight through the gold atoms, suggesting that atoms are mostly empty space. Some were deflected, suggesting that there was a positive centre to the atom. Some of the particles bounced straight back, suggesting that the centre of the atom contains a great deal of mass.
What is the nuclear model?
In the nuclear model, the atom is mostly empty space with electrons orbiting the nucleus, which contains positive protons.
Who created the nuclear model?
Rutherford.
Who revised the nuclear model?
Bohr.
What is the Bohr Nuclear Model?
Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells.
Who discovered Neutrons and when?
Chadwick in 1932.
Atoms of the same element have the same number of…
Protons.
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
Charge = +1, mass = 1.
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
Charge = 0, mass = 1.
What is the charge and mass of an electron?
Charge = -1, mass = almost 0.
What is found in the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons.
What is the radius of an atom?
1 x 10^-10 m.
What is the radius of the nucleus?
1 x 10^-14 m.
How many electrons can fit in shell 1?
2.
How many electrons can fit in shell 2 and 3?
8.
How can you tell what group an atom is in?
By how many electrons it has in the outer shell.
What do ions gain or lose electrons to obtain?
A full outer shell.
Does group 1-3 gain or lose electrons to form ions?
Lose.
Does group 5-7 gain or lose electrons to form ions?
Gain.
What are the diatomic particles?
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Iodine, Oxygen, Chlorine, Bromine (Have No Fear Of Ice CoLd BeeR).
