c2 periodic table Flashcards
What is an alkali metal?
Alkali metals are elements in Group 1 of the periodic table.
What are halogens?
Halogens are elements in Group 7 of the periodic table.
Where are the transition elements?
Transition elements are elements in the central block of the periodic table.
What are the noble gases?
Noble gases are elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
Elements are arranged in vertical groups and horizontal periods.
What do elements in the same group have in common?
They have the same number of electrons in the valence shell, giving them similar chemical properties.
Elements that react to form positive ions (lose electrons) are…
Metals.
What are alkali metals like at room temperature?
Alkali metals are soft solids at room temperature.
What are alkali metals’ densities like?
Alkali metals have low densities.
What happens to alkali metals’ melting and boiling points as you go down the group?
Their melting and boiling points decrease.
Why are alkali metals reactive?
They are reactive because they only have 1 electron in their outer shell and lose it easily to form stable ions.
What happens to the density of alkali metals as you go down the group?
Density increases as you go down the alkali metals.
What is effervescence?
Effervescence is the formation of bubbles or fizz.
What are some observations of when Lithium reacts with water?
Lithium floats on the water, effervesces, and turns the universal indicator purple.
What are some observations of when Sodium reacts with water?
Sodium floats on the water, effervesces, and turns the universal indicator purple.
What are some observations of when Potassium reacts with water?
Potassium floats on the water, effervesces, burns with a pink flame, and explodes.
What are some observations of when Lithium reacts with Oxygen?
Lithium burns with a red flame to form a white powder.
What are some observations of when Sodium reacts with Oxygen?
Sodium burns with a yellow/orange flame to form a white powder.
What are some observations of when Potassium reacts with Oxygen?
Potassium burns with a lilac flame to form a white powder.
What are some physical properties of Group 7 elements?
They are poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, and dull.
What happens to the melting and boiling points of halogens as you go down the group?
Melting and boiling points increase as you go down the halogens.
What happens to reactivity as you go down the halogens?
Reactivity decreases as you go down the halogens.
Why does reactivity decrease going down the halogens?
As the atomic radius and electron shielding increase, the attraction of the nucleus on the electron being gained decreases.
What is the outer electron configuration of halogens?
All halogens have 7 electrons in their valence shell.
Why does reactivity increase going down the alkali metals?
As the atomic radius and electron shielding increase, the attraction of the nucleus on the electron being lost decreases, making it easier to lose.
What are transition metals good conductors of?
Heat and electricity.
What are transition metals’ densities like?
Transition metals have high densities.
What are transition metals’ melting points like?
Transition metals have high melting points.
How do transition metals compare in reactivity to alkali metals?
Transition metals are much less reactive than alkali metals.
What colour are compounds of transition elements?
They are brightly coloured.
What metals are often used as catalysts?
Transition metals are often used as catalysts.
What do transition elements form?
Transition elements form more than one type of ion.
What are the observations when chlorine water is added to potassium bromide?
The solution changes from colourless to yellow.
What are the observations when chlorine water is added to potassium iodide?
The solution changes from colourless to red-brown.
What are the observations when bromine water is added to potassium iodide?
The solution changes from yellow to orange.
Why are noble gases not reactive?
They have a full outer shell, which makes them stable.
