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ATI TEAS TEST > Chemistry: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds > Flashcards

Chemistry: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of an atom?

A

Atoms consist of a nucleus and orbiting electrons. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons.

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2
Q

What has more mass? Electrons or the nucleus?

A

The nucleus.

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3
Q

What are ions?

A

Ions are atoms that are positively or negatively charged.

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4
Q

Are protons positively or negatively charged?

A

Positively

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5
Q

Are electrons positively or negatively charged?

A

Negatively

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6
Q

What does it mean if atoms are electrically neutral?

A

That the atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons.

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7
Q

If the atom is electrically neutral is it an ion?

A

No

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8
Q

What is atomic radius?

A

Atomic radius refers to the average distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron.

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9
Q

What are atomic number and atomic mass?

A

Atomic number refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Atomic mass is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

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10
Q

How do you find the atomic mass?

A

Add the number of protons and the number of neutrons.

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11
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that vary in their number of neutrons.

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12
Q

What are radioactive isotopes?

A

Isotopes with unstable nuclei that can undergo spontaneous nuclear reactions, resulting in particles or radiation being emitted.

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13
Q

What are electrons also commonly referred to as?

A

Shells, layers, or clouds.

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14
Q

What is a stable electron arrangement?

A

When an atom has all its electrons in the lowest available positions.

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15
Q

What is the valence shell?

A

The outermost electron shell of an atom in its uncombined state.

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16
Q

The electrons in the valence shell are called?

A

Valence electrons

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17
Q

The number of valence shells determines what?

A

Bonding behavior.

18
Q

The farther away from the nucleus an electron is, the ___ (more/less) energy it has.

A

More.

19
Q

How many energy levels are there and what are they called in order?

A

4; K-shell, L-shell, M-shell, N-shell

20
Q

How many electrons can the K-shell hold?

A

2

21
Q

How many electrons can the L-shell hold?

A

8

22
Q

How many electrons can the M-shell hold?

A

18

23
Q

How many electrons can the N-shell hold?

A

32

24
Q

__ bond refers to a covalent type of bond with a separation of charge.

A

polar

25
Q

One end is __ and the other is __ in a polar bond.

A

Negative; positive

26
Q

What is an example of a polar bond?

A

The hydrogen-oxygen bond in water.

27
Q

A negative ion is created when an atom ___ electrons.

A

Gains

28
Q

A positive ion is created when an atom ___ electrons.

A

Loses

29
Q

What does ionization refer to?

A

The process by which neutral particles are ionized into charged particles.

30
Q

Atoms of the same element may bond together to form ___ or ____.

A

Molecules; crystalline solids.

31
Q

When two or more different types of atoms bind together chemically, a ___ is made.

A

Compound

32
Q

A union between the electron structure of atoms is called ____.

A

Chemical bonding.

33
Q

What are the three primary types of chemical bonds and what are their characteristics?

A

Ionic bond: When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes negatively or positively charged and turns into an ion. An ionic bond is a bond between two oppositely charged ions.
Covalent bond: Atoms share electrons. Electrons shared equally have a non-polar bond; electrons shared unequally have a polar bond.
Hydrogen bond: A molecule with a hydrogen atom is strongly attracted to a nearby atom with a pair of unbonded electrons. Hydrogen bonds can also form between two different parts of the same molecule, as in the structure of DNA and other large molecules.

34
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positive ion that is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

35
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negative ion that is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

36
Q

The transfer of electrons from one atom to another is called ____.

A

Ionic bonding.

37
Q

How do isotopes of the same element differ?

A

They have different number of neutrons.

38
Q

Which electron shell can hold a maximum of 32 electrons?

A

N-shell

39
Q

Electrons that are shared between two atoms form which type of bond?

A

Covalent

40
Q

One negatively charged atom and one positively charged atom form which type of bond?

A

Ionic

41
Q

What is the name for the number of protons in an atom?

A

Atomic number

ATI TEAS TEST (5 decks)

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