chemistry atomic structure and bonding Flashcards
Describe how elements are arranged in the Periodic Table
Elements in the Periodic Table are arranged by increasing atomic number (or increasing number of protons).
Describe the similarities of elements in the same group on the Periodic Table
Elements in the same group on the periodic table have the same valency and the same number of outer electrons, which gives them similar chemical p
Use the Periodic Table to determine an element’s properties
Group 1 (Alkali Metals): Very reactive metals that readily lose one electron.
Group 7 (Halogens): Reactive non-metals that tend to gain one electron.
Group 8/0 (Noble Gases): Non-reactive (inert) gases with full outer electron shells.
Transition Metals: A group of useful metals found between Group 2 and Group 3 on the periodic table, known for their varied oxidation states and good conductivity.
Describe the properties of a proton
Protons have a positive charge, a mass of 1 amu (atomic mass unit) and are found in the nucleus.
describe the property of an electron
Electrons have a negative charge, a mass of 0 amu (stating they have no mass is also accepted) and they spin around the outside of the nucleus.
describe the properties of a neutron
Neutrons have a neutral charge, a mass of 1 amu and are found inside the nucleus.
Calculate a neutral atom’s atomic number
Atomic number is always the same as the number of protons (it is also found on the periodic table in the data booklet).
Calculate the mass number of an element
The mass number = atomic number + no. of neutrons (no. of protons + no. of neutrons)
State the definition of an isotope
the same atomic number but different mass numbers
State the definition of an atom’s relative atomic mass
The relative atomic mass (RAM) is the average mass of all the naturally occurring atoms of an element.
The RAM of each element is provided on page 7 of the data booklet.
Describe a covalent bond
A covalent bond is usually between two non-metal atoms.
It is the attraction of positive nuclei for the shared pair of negatively charged electrons.
It is stable as opposite charges attract.
Name the 7 diatomic elements
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Oxygen
Iodine
Chlorine
Bromine
Describe a diatomic molecule
A diatomic molecule is a molecule composed of only two atoms.
State the different shapes of covalent molecules
linear
angular
trigonal pyramidal
tetrahedral
State which elements exist as giant covalent network structures
Carbon (in the form of diamond and graphite), boron and silicon
