Chemistry and Maths

Question 0

What is hydrolysis?

What is condensation?

Answer 0

A chemical reaction or process in which a chemical compound is broken down by reaction with water.

A reaction where two molecular fragments are joined and water is produced.

Question 1

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 1

A special type of dipole-dipole bond that exists between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to another electronegative atom.

Question 2

What are the atoms that can form hydrogen bonds?

Answer 2

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, and Phospahte.

Question 3

What does:
-Polar
-Non-polar
-Amphiapathic 
Mean?

Answer 3

Polar molecules dissolve in water.

Non-Polar molecules don’t dissolve in water.

Amphiapathic molecules are part polar, part non-polar.

Question 4

What does electronegative mean?

Answer 4

The power of an atom or nucleus to withdraw or attract electrons in a covalent bond.

Question 5

Where is the carbonyl group in a aldehyde and a ketone?

Answer 5

Aldehyde - end of carbon skeleton

Ketone - attached to two other carbons

Question 6

What does ionised mean?

Answer 6

When an atoms has had one or more electrons removed

Question 7

How do you calculate pH?

Answer 7

pH = -log[H+]

Question 8

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Answer 8

pH = pKa + log[base]/[acid]

Question 9

The smaller the pKa value…..

Answer 9

…..the stronger the acid.

Question 10

What pH range do buffers work at best?

Answer 10

Numbers near their pKa value

Question 11

What are two examples of biological buffers in the body?

Answer 11

Dihydrogen phosphate system and carbonic acid system

Question 12

What is the only amino acid whose side chain has a pKa close to neutrality?

Answer 12

Histidine

Question 13

What is a calorie?

Answer 13

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree.
(Not to be mixed up with the nutritional Calorie).

Question 14

What is bond energy?

Answer 14

Energy required to break a bond, energy released when a bond is formed.

Question 15

What is the activation energy?

Answer 15

Amount of energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 16

What is Gibbs free energy? What is it represented by?

What is the equation for Gibbs free energy?

What do each of the symbols mean?

Answer 16

The amount of energy in a system available to do work. DeltaG.

DeltaG = DeltaH - TDeltaS

Delta H = change in enthalpy
T = temperature (K)
DeltaS = entropy

Question 17

What is enthalpy?

What is enthalpy change?

What does a positive enthalpy change mean?

What does a negative enthalpy change mean?

Answer 17

Internal energy (heat) of a system

Heat change at constant pressure.

Endothermic (requires heat)

Exothermic (releases heat)

Question 18

What is entropy?

What does a positive entropy signify?

Answer 18

Measure of disorder

Increased randomness, increased likelihood of a reaction

Question 19

Do strong acids dissociate in water?

Do weak acids dissociate in water?

Answer 19

Yes completely

Yes but not completely

Question 20

What is kinetics the study of?

Answer 20

The rate at which chemical reactions occur

Question 21

What is Avrogados number?

Answer 21

6.022x10 to the power of 23

Question 22

What is a nucleophile?

Answer 22

They are electron rich and are attracted to positively charged groups

Question 23

What are electrophiles?

Answer 23

Species that are attracted to negative centers

Question 24

What axis do the independent and dependant variable go on?

Answer 24

IV - x axis | DV - y axis

Question 25

What does the R squared value tell us?

Answer 25

How well data fits the line

Question 26

What does an unpaired t-test do? What does a paired t-test do?

Answer 26

Compares two unrelated groups (default use) Same test on same individual

Question 27

When do you reject the null hypothesis?

Answer 27

When P<0.05

Question 28

What is two tailed data? What is one tailed data?

Answer 28

Data can go up or down Data can go either up or down (e.g. growth rate)

Question 29

``` What percentage is the: 1st SD 2nd SD 3rd SD on a standard deviation curve? ```

Answer 29

68. 2% 95. 4% 99. 7%

Question 30

Why is a t-test used?

Answer 30

To determine if two sets of data are significantly different from each other.

Question 31

What is a zero order reaction? What is a first order reaction? What is a second order reaction?

Answer 31

When the reaction rate does not depend on the concentration of the reactants so the order of reaction is zero. When the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of just one reactant. When the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of one reactant squared or the concentrations of two reactants.

Question 32

What is the dissociation constant of water?

Answer 32

Kw = [H+][OH-]

Question 33

What is the acid dissociation constant?

Answer 33

Ka = [A-][H+] | [HA]