Chemistry Flashcards
Name the first 20 elements in the periodic table (in order)
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium
What electrical charge does a…have?
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton: positive
Neutron: none
Electron: negative
How do you calculate the amount of…there are?
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Protons: atomic number
Electrons: atomic number
Neutrons: mass number-atomic number
Give the meaning of exothermic and endothermic
Exothermic: gives out heat; burning, respiration
Endothermic: absorbs heat; cooking, melting ice
Give the word equations of metal with: Oxygen Steam Water Acid
Metal + oxygen - metal oxide + hydrogen
Metal + steam - metal oxide + hydrogen
Metal + water - metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Metal + acid - salt + hydrogen
List the reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Iron Tin Lead Copper Silver Gold
How does…work?
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conduction: moves in solids
Convection: moves in fluids
Radiation: moves in gases/space
Provide the meaning of: Solution Soluble Solute Solvent
Solution: mixture of 2 or more substances
Soluble: it dissolves
Solute: substance that dissolves in solution
Solvent: substance that solute dissolves into
Give the word for the following symbols: HCl H2SO4 HNO3 NaOH NaCl Mg(OH)2
HCl: hydrochloric acid H2SO4: sulphuric acid HNO3: nitric acid NaOH: sodium hydroxide NaCl: salt Mg(OH)2: magnesium hydroxide
What is the particle theory?
the particle theory states that materials are made from particles that cannot be seen by the naked eye
Give 4 physical properties of materials.
Heat insulator: doesn’t let heat pass through
Heat conductor: lets heat pass through
Malleable: shaped by hammering
Brittle: breaks when bent
Who discovered that an atomic nucleus contained protons?
Ernest Rutherford
Who tried to put the elements in order using atomic weight?
John Dalton
Describe group 1, 2 and 7 in the periodic table
Group 1: alkali metals
Group 2: alkaline earth metals
Group 7: halogens
Group 1: going down column, density increases; boiling points decrease; metals become softer; reactivity in metal increases.
Group 2: going down the first 3 elements, the density, melting points and boiling points decrease but reactivity increases.
Group 7: melting and boiling points increase but reaction decreases.
Describe what an element, compound and mixture is:
Element: substance made from 1 type of atom
Compound: substance formed from 2+ elements
Mixture: made up of 2+ substances
What is an indicator?
Indicator: a liquid which produces particular colour if mixed with acid or alkali.
*litmus paper is most;y used
Blue litmus paper is used for acids
Red litmus paper is used for alkali
When does neutralization occur?
-occurs when acid and alkali take part in a chemical reaction
E.g. acid + alkali — salt + water
-bee sting is acidic so you can neutralize using soap
-wasp sting is alkali so you can neutralize using vinegar
What is oxidation?
When substance reacts with oxygen
What are the 2 ways you can find out the rate of reactions?
1- measure reduction in mass of reactants over a few minutes if gas is produced and escapes
2- measure volume of gas produced during reaction over few minutes
What is concentration?
- the concentration of the liquid reactant is a measure of how much solute dissolved in it
- water moves from low to high concentration
What is a catalyst?
- a catalyst is a substance that can speed up the rate of reaction but doesn’t change itself
- it only works speeding up 1 reaction
