Biology Flashcards
Give a word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water - glucose + oxygen
Give he functions of the: Root Leaf Stem Flower
Roots: absorbs water and. Minerals
Leaves: Photosynthesis occurs
Stem: Holds flower above ground
Flower: Reproductive organs
What minerals do plants need?
Nitrate for protein
Magnesium for chlorophyll
Provide the functions for: Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast Nucleus Vacuole Cytoplasm
Cell wall: Provides structure Cell membrane: keeps toxic substance out Chloroplast: Produce and store food Nucleus: Controls activities within cell Vacuole: Store nutrients and water Cytoplasm: Protects cell
What are the male and female part of the flower?
Male: stigma; pollen contains male gametes
Female: stigma, ovaries, style; Ovule contains female gametes
Name all 7 parts of the digestive system and give their functions
Mouth: chews food
Oesophagus: moves food
Stomach: mixes food into creamy liquid
Pancreas: makes enzymes
Liver: makes alkaline fluid to neutralize acid from stomach
Small intestine: Digests proteins, carbs and absorbs amino acids, sugars etc…
Large intestine: absorbs water
Name 3 types of enzymes
Lipase
Amylase
Protease
Name the parts of the circulatory system
Right atrium: deoxygenated blood flows from here to lungs
Right ventricles: body to deoxygenated blood from RA to lungs
Left atrium: Gets oxygenated blood from lungs
Left ventricles: Oxygenated blood to body
What are the functions fo a: Plasma Red blood cell White blood cell Platelets
Plasma: pale yellow liquid from blood; carries digested/waste products
Red blood cells: carries oxygen from lungs to tissue; biconcave disc; survives 120 days
White blood cells: larger than RBC but fewer; defends body from diseases
Platelets: helps blood clot
Name the bone that protects our brain
Cranium
Name the bones from our shoulders and arms
Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpels
Name the bones from our leg
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
What is a hinge joint and a ball and socket joint?
Hinge joint: joint that moves only 1 direction
Ball and socket joint: joint moving in almost all directions
What is a vertebrate?
Vertebrate: animal with back bone
What is a:
Mollusks
Annelids
Arthropod
Mollusks: animal with soft body
Annelids: worms with body divided into segments
Arthropods: invertebrates with jointed legs; has exoskeleton
Name all the planets in the solar system
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
What is a:
Rocky planet
Gas giants
Rocky planet: warm and dense planets
Gas giants: big and cold
What is the difference between breathing and respiration?
Breathing: movement of gases in and out of lungs
Respiration: Breakdown of nutrients molecules to release energy
What is aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration: releasing energy from glucose by reacting with O2
Where does gas exchange occur?
In alveoli
Describe the process of making fossils:
- organisms die and sink into sea floor
- sediments surrounding skeleton thickens
- Skeleton dissolves leaving a mold of the skeleton
- water come into cracks and crystalizes
- over millions of years, fossils are made
Name the three types of rocks and how they are formed
Igneous: comes from volcano
Sedimentary: comes from rivers
Metamorphic: formed by pressure/heat
What is the function of the: Nervous system Digestive system Respiratory system Excretory system
Nervous system: sends message from to muscles to coordinate activate activities of bodies
Digestive system: breaks down food so energy it contains can be used by body
Respiratory system: takes O2 from air and releases CO2
Excretory system: removes poisonous liquid wastes
What can you find in a movable joint?
Ligaments: hold bones together
Cartilages: protects ends of bones from wear
Synovial fluid: reduces friction as bones move
What is an antagonistic muscle?
When muscles are arranged in pairs and one contracts (gets shorter) and one relax.
Describe the functions of these nutrients: Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins Minerals
Proteins: growth and repair of body tissues; produce amino acids
Fats: provides energy stored in body; produce fatty acids and glycerol
Carbohydrates: provides energy which can be used quickly; produce simple sugar
Vitamins: wide range of functions keeping body healthy
Minerals: wide range of functions keeping body healthy and maintaining structure
What can the lack of these nutrients cause? Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin B Iron
Vitamin A: can’t see in the dark Vitamin B: beriberi Vitamin C: scurvy Vitamin B: rickets Iron: anaemia
What are the functions of these from the respiratory system? Nose Windpipe/trachea Lung Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Chest wall Diaphragm
Nose: hairs filter dust; mucus traps bacteria
Windpipe: ciliated cells move bacteria trapped in mucus to top of windpipe for swallowing
Lung: organ where gas exchange happens
Bronchi: tube to lung with same features are windpipe
Bronchioles: tubes with muscles in walls carry air to alveoli
Alveoli: gaseous exchange happens
Chest wall: ribs rise to increase chest volume and draw air in and decrease to push air out
Diaphragm: contracts to increase chest volume to draw air in; push air out is opposite
Give the functions for these reproductive organs: Testis (2) Glands Penis Ovary(2) Oviduct Uterus Vagina
Testis (2): contains sac called scrotum to keep cool for sperm production
Glands: produce fluid that mix with sperm to form semen
Penis: delivers semen to vagina
Ovary(2): produces eggs
Oviduct: one next to each ovary; contains ciliated cells which move egg along oviduct
Uterus: place where fetus develops
Vagina: receives penis and semen
Describe the process of fertilisation
- Sperm swims from vagina through uterus into oviduct. If egg is present in oviduct, the head of sperm breaks off and enters the egg
- occurs when male and female gamete join together and form cell called zygote
Describe the foetal development
- zygote divides to form ball of cells; cell on surface of zygote forms placenta
- placenta takes food and O2 from mother to fetus and wastes from fetus to mother
- placenta produces hormones stopping ovaries to produce more eggs
- fetus connected to placenta by umbilical cord and its surrounded by amnion
- amnion is filled with watery liquid called amniotic fluid
Describe the consequences of bad habits during pregnancy: Lack of nutrients Alcohol Smoking STDs Tuberculosis (TB) Malaria Rubella
Lack of nutrients: slows fetal growth
Alcohol: reduces sperm reductions; causes nerve damage to baby
Smoking: slows fetal growth
STDs: makes female infertile
Tuberculosis (TB): can kill fetus
Malaria: slows growth of fetus and can kill it
Rubella: can cause nerve and heart damage to fetus
What is a microorganism?
And give ways on what is important and why.
Organism made from body with only one cell.
Are important in many ways:
Decomposition: bacteria and fungi break down organisms and release minerals into soil for plants
Food production: yeast (fungus) used to make bread; bacteria used to make yoghurt
Disease
Give the. Functions of these. Important cell. Types: Muscle cell Nerve cell Ciliated epithelium cell Root hair cell
Muscle cell: if arranged in layers, can move food in esophagus, stomach and intestine
Nerve cell: electrical signals pass along fibre giving messages for brain and muscles
Ciliated epithelium cell: cells line windpipe; cilia move dust-filled mucus away from lungs
Root hair cell: cells form near root tip to take water from soil
Give functions for: Cells Tissues Organs Organisms
Cells of one type. Are arranged into groups called tissues
Tissues: groups of tissues join together to form organ
Organs: group organs which perform particular task form a system
Organisms: are formed by group of organ system
Give the plant adaptations to these habitats and conditions:
Rainforest: hot, humid, sunlit roof, dark on floor
Dessert: hot in day, cold at night, short period of rainfall onto well drained soil
River
Rainforest: trees have leaves on top of trunk to receive sunlight.
Dessert: have thick waxy skins to prevent water loss; long roots to get water from deep soil.
River: plants take in CO2 dissolved in water; takes minerals dissolved in water through stem and leaves; roots to hold pant in mud.
What is a food chain and food web?
Food: chain shows path of food and energy it contains through series of organisms as one feeds on another.
Food web: food chains in habitat linked together.
How are the plant kingdom and animal kingdom divided?
Plant kingdom: divided into 5 large subgroups (algae, mosses and liverwort, ferns, conifers, flowering plants).
Animal kingdom: divided into invertebrates and vertebrates
*kingdom = largest group
Species = smallest group
Genetic material
- -nucleus- of cell contains -chromosomes- on which are call -genes-
- -genes- are made up from -DNA-
- chromosomes are arranged in pairs; when gametes are produced, they receive only one of each pair of chromosomes
- when gamete fuse in fertilization, zygote receives one half of its chromosomes from each parent
What is selective breeding?
- is used to produce varieties in a species which have particular useful features
Give the things you can find in each art of the earth layers: Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core
Crust: igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
Mantle: rocky materials containing Si, O2, Fe and Mg
Outer core: liquid Fe and Ni
Inner core: solid Fe and Ni
