CHEMISTRY

Question 1

What is a Group on the periodic table?

Answer 1

Groups go Up and Down.

Question 2

What is a Period?

Answer 2

The rows on the periodic table.

Question 3

What is Reactivity?

Answer 3

Reactivity is the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction, ether by itself or with other materials, and to release energy.

• Stability of an electron in atoms determines its reactivity with a variety of other things.

Question 4

What does periods and groups in metals tell us about reactivity?

Answer 4

Periods: Reactivity in periods decreases as you go from left to right

Groups: reactivity increases as you go down the group

Question 5

What does periods and groups of non-metals tell us about reactivity?

Answer 5

Periods: reactivity increase as you go left to right
Groups: reactivity decreases as you do down

Question 6

What does elements in the same groups and periods tell us??

Answer 6

Periods (rows) : elements in the same periods are filling the same energy level

Groups (Column) : Elements in the main groups ( not transition) share the same number of valence electrons

Question 7

What is a cation?
How is it formed?
And example

Answer 7

• has more PROTONS than electrons
• giving it a positive charge
• to be formed 1 or more electrons must be lost -> typically being pulled away by a stronger atom

Examples

• Ag+ (lost 1 electron)
• Zn2+ (lost 2 electrons)

Question 8

What is a anion?
How is it formed?
And example

Answer 8

• has more ELECTRONS than protons
• has a negative charge
• to be formed 1 or more electrons must be gained -> typically pulled away from a weaker atom

Examples

• Cl- ( Gained 1 electron)
• O2- (gained 2 electrons)

Question 9

Variables that affect rate of reaction?

Answer 9

Temperature
surface area
catalyst
concentration

Question 10

What is an isotope?

Answer 10

Isotopes of an element share the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons

Question 11

What is Electron configuration?

Answer 11

• The electron configuration of an atom is the representation of the arrangement of electrons distributed among the orbital shells in the sub shells

Question 12

What is electron configuration represent?

Answer 12

• The orbitals of an atom in its ground state
• used to represent an atom that has ionised into a cations or an ion by compensating for loss or gain of electrons in their orbitals

Question 13

What is an ion?

Answer 13

• is a charged atom or molecule
• it is charged because the number of electrons if either greater/less than the number of protons.

Example
More electrons than protons = negatively charged (anion)

Less electrons than protons = positively charged
(Cation)

Question 14

Explain how an ion is formed

Answer 14

Atoms and molecules become ions when they have lost or gain electrons. Certain atoms or molecules i’m more likely to gain or lose electrons due to their reactivity as they are always trying to become more stable, and have a full outer shell.