Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Element:

A

is any thing that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance and still retain its unique chemical properties.

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2
Q

Atom:

A

is the smallest unit of matter that makes up an element

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3
Q

Nucleus:

A

Where protons and neutrons are found in the ceneter of the atom

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4
Q

Electrons:

A

are much smaller than protons and neutrons and have a mass of about 1/2000 dalton or amu.

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5
Q

Energy shells:

A

Where electrons spin around the nucleus and move very quickly in

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6
Q

Where the energy shells themselves can be divided into regions called…

A

Orbitals

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7
Q

Atoms with electrical charges (unequal numbers of protons and electrons) are called…

A

Ions

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8
Q

A positively charged ion is a…

A

Cation

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9
Q

Negatively charged ion is an…

A

anion

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10
Q

The_____ ______ of each element is unique to that element

A

Atomic Symbol

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11
Q

The _____ _______ which is also unique to each element (Hint: It is equal to the number of protons)

A

Atomic Number

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12
Q

Atomic Weight/Mass:

A

is the larger number and is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus.

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13
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and different atomic weights are called…

A

Isotopes

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14
Q

The _____ _______ of an atom is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of that particular atom.

A

Mass Number

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15
Q

_____ bonds form between oppositely charged atoms (ions) or groups of atoms when one atom or group donates electron(s) to another atom or group that receives the electron(s)

A

Ionic

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16
Q

_____ bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons with each other rather than donating and receiving them.

A

Covalent

17
Q

Atoms that share electrons equally based on their electronegativity values form…

A

Nonpolar covalent bonds

18
Q

Atoms that share electrons unequally form…

A

Polar covalent bonds

19
Q

Atoms that react with one another, forming chemical bonds to make…

A

Molecules

20
Q

Scientist use a form of shorthand called the ______ _______ to write these molecules.

A

Chemical formula

21
Q

______ bonds are weak attractions that form between the 8- end of one molecule and the 8+ end of another molecule.

A

Hydrogen

22
Q

Acid:

A

is any compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

23
Q

Base:

A

is any compound that accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

24
Q

The _____ ______ is used to measure the number of hydrogen ions in a solution

A

pH scale

25
Q

Buffers:

A

are substances that stabilize pH by either releasing H+ if the solution is too basic or absorbing H+ if the solution is too acidic

26
Q

Buffering Capacity:

A

a measure of its ability to resist change in pH