Chemistry Flashcards
Element:
is any thing that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance and still retain its unique chemical properties.
Atom:
is the smallest unit of matter that makes up an element
Nucleus:
Where protons and neutrons are found in the ceneter of the atom
Electrons:
are much smaller than protons and neutrons and have a mass of about 1/2000 dalton or amu.
Energy shells:
Where electrons spin around the nucleus and move very quickly in
Where the energy shells themselves can be divided into regions called…
Orbitals
Atoms with electrical charges (unequal numbers of protons and electrons) are called…
Ions
A positively charged ion is a…
Cation
Negatively charged ion is an…
anion
The_____ ______ of each element is unique to that element
Atomic Symbol
The _____ _______ which is also unique to each element (Hint: It is equal to the number of protons)
Atomic Number
Atomic Weight/Mass:
is the larger number and is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus.
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and different atomic weights are called…
Isotopes
The _____ _______ of an atom is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of that particular atom.
Mass Number
_____ bonds form between oppositely charged atoms (ions) or groups of atoms when one atom or group donates electron(s) to another atom or group that receives the electron(s)
Ionic
_____ bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons with each other rather than donating and receiving them.
Covalent
Atoms that share electrons equally based on their electronegativity values form…
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Atoms that share electrons unequally form…
Polar covalent bonds
Atoms that react with one another, forming chemical bonds to make…
Molecules
Scientist use a form of shorthand called the ______ _______ to write these molecules.
Chemical formula
______ bonds are weak attractions that form between the 8- end of one molecule and the 8+ end of another molecule.
Hydrogen
Acid:
is any compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Base:
is any compound that accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
The _____ ______ is used to measure the number of hydrogen ions in a solution
pH scale
Buffers:
are substances that stabilize pH by either releasing H+ if the solution is too basic or absorbing H+ if the solution is too acidic
Buffering Capacity:
a measure of its ability to resist change in pH
