Chemistry

Question 1

Element:

Answer 1

is any thing that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance and still retain its unique chemical properties.

Question 2

Atom:

Answer 2

is the smallest unit of matter that makes up an element

Question 3

Nucleus:

Answer 3

Where protons and neutrons are found in the ceneter of the atom

Question 4

Electrons:

Answer 4

are much smaller than protons and neutrons and have a mass of about 1/2000 dalton or amu.

Question 5

Energy shells:

Answer 5

Where electrons spin around the nucleus and move very quickly in

Question 6

Where the energy shells themselves can be divided into regions called…

Answer 6

Orbitals

Question 7

Atoms with electrical charges (unequal numbers of protons and electrons) are called…

Answer 7

Ions

Question 8

A positively charged ion is a…

Answer 8

Cation

Question 9

Negatively charged ion is an…

Answer 9

anion

Question 10

The_____ ______ of each element is unique to that element

Answer 10

Atomic Symbol

Question 11

The _____ _______ which is also unique to each element (Hint: It is equal to the number of protons)

Answer 11

Atomic Number

Question 12

Atomic Weight/Mass:

Answer 12

is the larger number and is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus.

Question 13

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and different atomic weights are called…

Answer 13

Isotopes

Question 14

The _____ _______ of an atom is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of that particular atom.

Answer 14

Mass Number

Question 15

_____ bonds form between oppositely charged atoms (ions) or groups of atoms when one atom or group donates electron(s) to another atom or group that receives the electron(s)

Answer 15

Ionic

Question 16

_____ bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons with each other rather than donating and receiving them.

Answer 16

Covalent

Question 17

Atoms that share electrons equally based on their electronegativity values form…

Answer 17

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 18

Atoms that share electrons unequally form…

Answer 18

Polar covalent bonds

Question 19

Atoms that react with one another, forming chemical bonds to make…

Answer 19

Molecules

Question 20

Scientist use a form of shorthand called the ______ _______ to write these molecules.

Answer 20

Chemical formula

Question 21

______ bonds are weak attractions that form between the 8- end of one molecule and the 8+ end of another molecule.

Answer 21

Hydrogen

Question 22

Acid:

Answer 22

is any compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

Question 23

Base:

Answer 23

is any compound that accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Question 24

The _____ ______ is used to measure the number of hydrogen ions in a solution

Answer 24

pH scale

Question 25

Buffers:

Answer 25

are substances that stabilize pH by either releasing H+ if the solution is too basic or absorbing H+ if the solution is too acidic

Question 26

Buffering Capacity:

Answer 26

a measure of its ability to resist change in pH