Chemistry Flashcards
All matter is made up of atoms
“ Billiard ball model”
Dalton
Atoms consists of a large number of electrons held together by a mass of an equal number of positive and negative charges of electrons.
“ plum pudding/ raisin bun model”
Thomson
Atoms have a small charged nucleus surrounded by largely empty space.
“ Solar System model”
Rutherford
Electrons orbit around the nucleus.
“ — Model of atom”
Bohr
Model of matter used today.
Quantum model of matter
Can be broken down by physical means.
Mixture
Visible substances.
“ mechanical mixture “
Heterogenous
Cannot see different substances.
“ solution “
Homogeneous
Cannot be separated by physically means.
Pure substance
Cannot be broken down
Element
2 or more elements in a specific ratio
Compound
= # of protons in the nucleus
Atomic #
of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Mass number
Shiny, Malleable, Conductors
Metals
Brittle, Non Conductors
Non Metals
Properties of both metal and non metal
Metalloids
Positive charge
Cations
Negative Charge
Anions
Bond where cations and anions are together
Atomic Bond
Formula of Neutrons
Atomic mass - protons
Formula for mass #
Protons + neutrons
Atoms are neutral, Why?
Protons and electrons cancel each other out
WHMIS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
Properties of matter
Physical, Chemical
Energy levels
Level 1 = 2 max
level 2 = 8 max
level 3 = 8 max
How to identify how many valence electrons there are?
Group # = Valence Electrons
Metal + Non metal
Ionic
2 or more non metals
molecular
Properties of ionic
Hard and brittle, form crystals, high melting points, Conducts electricity
metal ion has 2 or more charges
Multivalent ionic compound
properties of molecular compounds
soft, low melting point, does not conduct electricity
Different elements act as a single ion
Polyatomic ionic
mono
1
di
2
tri
3
tetra
4
penta
5
hexa
6
hepta
7
octa
8
nona
9
deca
10
Sour, react with some metals, blue litmus to red, neutralize bases, conducts electricity
acids
IUPAC
ide
ic acid
IUPAC
ate
ic acid
IUPAC
ite
ous acid
Bitter, slippery, Red litmus to blue, neutralize acids, conducts electricity
bases
absorbing energy
endothermic
releasing energy
exothermic
reactions in living things
biochemical reactions
two substances form into one
Formation
breaking down
decomposition
Any reaction with oxygen
combustion
a + Bc = b + ac
single replacement
AB + CD = AD + CB
double replacement