Bio Flashcards
- Discovered abiogenesis
- Flies and jars experiment
Redi
Discovered biogenesis
Rudolf Virchow
Discovered cells ( dead cells )
Hooke
Improved the microscope and discovered animalcules
Leeuwenhoek
Swan’s neck flask experiment
Pasteur
Pasteurization
heating liquids to a certain temp that would kill the bacteria before packaging to last longer.
Germ Theory
Microorganisms are responsible for illness
3 Cell Theory
- all organisms are composed of one or more cells
- The cell is the smallest functional unit of life.
- All cells are produced by other cells
Who created the cell theory?
Schleiden and Schwann
Why do scientist stain the specimen?
To be able to see the specimen
Microscope that uses a sweeping beam of electrons to produce a three dimensional object that can magnify from 10 000x to 300 000x.
Transmission electron microscope
Microscope that uses a sweeping beam of electrons to produce a two dimensional object that can magnify from 10 000x to 300 000x.
Scanning Electron microscope
Microscope that can be used to view living cells.
Compound Ligt microscope
How much you see through the microscope.
FOV or Field Diameter
Directs all the cell activities
Nucleus ( Both plant and animal )
Acts as a digestion and waste remover for cells.
Lysosome ( both )
Cell’s source of energy
Mitochondria
Makes cellular products like hormones and lipids
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Provides storage space for the cell
Vacuole ( plant )
Gives cell strength and structure
Cell wall ( plant )
Covert light energy into glucose
Chloroplast ( plant )
- Jelly like fluid that fills a cell
- Give cell its shape
Cytoplasm ( both )
Golgi bodies/ apparatus
Sorts/ process proteins
Produce Protein
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport materials from one place to another
Vesicle
Boundary around the cell that separates the cell interior from the environment.
Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane
Basic Structure of the membrane and hold cell together
Phospholipids
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic = Water Loving Hydrophobic = Water fearing
Only certain things are allowed to pass through the membrane
Semi Permeable
Particles are in constant motion
brownian motion
Difference in concentration between two adjacent areas
Concentration Gradient
Equal Concentrations
Equilibrium
Passive vs. Active Transport
Passive = no energy with concentration gradient Active = with energy against concentration gradient
3 types of passive transport
Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated diffusion
Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration. ex, fart
Diffusion
Diffusion of water particles ( from areas where there is more water to areas where there is less water )
Osmosis
Molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion
2 types of transport proteins
Carrier proteins and channel proteins
Changes shape for particles like glucose
Carrier Proteins
Forms a tunnel like pore for ions
Channel Proteins
Waste that are stored in vesicles or vacuoles enter the cell.
Endocytosis
3 types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptors
endocytosis of large particles ( cell is eating )
Phagocytosis
Endocytosis of fluid particles ( cell is drinking )
Pinocytosis
Receive signals and initiate a response.
Receptors
Waste that are stored in vesicles or vacuoles exit the cell.
Exocytosis
Vessel that are present in the leaf, roots and stems of plants that is made up of xylem ( water and mineral transport ) and Phloem ( sugar Transport ).
Vascular Bundle
water and mineral transport
Xylem
Sugar transport
Phloem
attractive forces between water molecules
Cohesive Forces
Attractive forces between water molecules and molecules of a surface.
Adhesive Forces
Turgor pressure inside root xylems forces water up the xylem
root pressure
water evaporates from the surface of leaf cells
transpiration
process by which living things convert oxygen and glucose to carbon dioxide and water, thereby yielding energy.
Cellular Respiration
process by which green plants create their own food by turning light energy into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
H2O + Sunlight + CO2 -> C6H12O6 + O2
Amount of water in vacuoles of plant cells
Turgor Pressure
Plant’s response to its environment
Tropism
Growth of plant towards the light source to maximize photosynthesis
Phototropism
Growth of plant in response to gravity
Gravitropism
organization of organisms
cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism