Chemistry

Question 1

ion

Answer 1

an atom that has an unequal amount of protons and electrons

Question 2

cation

Answer 2

positively charged ion (METALS)

Question 3

anion

Answer 3

negatively charged ions (NON-METALS)

Question 4

multivalent

Answer 4

some ions have two possible valances

write correct valance as roman numeral!

Question 5

naming non-metal ions

Answer 5

first syllable + ide

sulphur = sulfide

Question 6

ionic compound

Answer 6

when a metal gives electrons to a non-metal, they bond through electrostatic attraction. This forms an IONIC COMPOUND.
(sodium (Na) + chloride (Cl) = NaCl

Question 7

binary compounds

Answer 7

compounds with uneven ionic ratios

CaCl2

Question 8

polyatomic ion

Answer 8

a group of atoms bonded together that acts as a single ion

Question 9

Nick the Camel rules

Answer 9

first letter = name of ion
consonants = oxygen
vowels = valance
ate = all ions end with ate

Question 10

Nitrate

Answer 10

NO3 (-)

Question 11

Carbonate

Answer 11

CO3 (2-)

Question 12

Chlorate

Answer 12

ClO3 (-)

Question 13

Sulphate

Answer 13

SO4 (2-)

Question 14

Phosphate

Answer 14

PO4 (3-)

Question 15

Bicarbonate

Answer 15

HCO3 (-)

Question 16

Hydroxide

Answer 16

OH (-)

Question 17

Ammonium

Answer 17

NH4 (+)

Question 18

covalent bond

Answer 18

when two non-metal atoms join together to share electrons in order to reach full valance

Question 19

naming molecular compounds

Answer 19

the elements are given prefixes corresponding with their subscripts (number of atoms). The second element is given the suffix IDE

Question 20

the diatomic gasses (HOFBRINCL)

Answer 20

H ydrogen
O xygen
F lourine
Br omine
I odine
N itrogen
Cl orine

Question 21

Ammonia (base)

Answer 21

NH3

Question 22

Methane

Answer 22

CH4

Question 23

Water

Answer 23

H2O

Question 24

synthesis

Answer 24

2 or more reactants combine to form 1 product

Mg + O2 = MgO2

Question 25

decomposition

Answer 25

1 reactant breaks down into 2 or more products | H2O = H2 + O2

Question 26

single displacement

Answer 26

a single element replaces another in a compound | MgBr2 + Cl2 = MgCl2 + Br2

Question 27

double displacement

Answer 27

part of 2 compounds switch places | NaOH + FeCl3 = Fe(OH)3 + NaCl

Question 28

acid

Answer 28

if a substance can add an H atom to water | pH lower than <7

Question 29

binary acid

Answer 29

hydrogen bonded to a single element | hydrochloric acid - HCl (aq)

Question 30

oxyacid

Answer 30

hydrogen bonded to a polyatomic ion | nitic acid - HNO3 (aq)

Question 31

base

Answer 31

if a substance can remove an extra H atom from water | (pH of more than 7

Question 32

sodium hydroxide (base)

Answer 32

NaOH

Question 33

sodium bicarbonate (base)

Answer 33

NaHCO3

Question 34

neutral solutions pH

Answer 34

7

Question 35

pH

Answer 35

Power of Hydrogen

Question 36

blue litmus paper

Answer 36

``` red = acid blue = neutral/basic ```

Question 37

red litmus paper

Answer 37

``` blue = basic read = neutral/acidic ```

Question 38

neutralization (product is neutral)

Answer 38

the reaction between an acid + base produces water (H2O) and an ionic compound (hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium chloride + water)

Question 39

neutralization with (bi)carbonate as base

Answer 39

the reaction produces an ionic compound, water AND carbon dioxide (hydrochloric acid + sodium bicarbonate = sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide)

Question 40

Law of conservation

Answer 40

Mass of reactants is always equal to mass of products