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Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Anaphase

A
  1. When the chromosomes separate to opposite ends of the cell
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2
Q

Apoptosis

A

The controlled death of an unused cell

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3
Q

Cancer

A

When a cells ability to commit apoptosis is damaged and it continues to divide

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4
Q

Cell wall

A

A protective layer around the cell membrane that provides the cell with structural support

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

A protective barrier around the cell

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6
Q

Centriole

A

An organelle composed of protein

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7
Q

Chromatin

A

Is used to package long DNA molecules into compact dense shapes

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

A thread like structure in the nucleus that carries DNA

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9
Q

Connective tissue

A

Joins and supports structures

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A jelly like nutrient filled substance that fills the cell

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11
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  1. The final separation of cytoplasm into two distinct cells
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12
Q

Differentiation

A

The process where a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually the cell changes to a more specialized type

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

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14
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of sacs in the cytoplasm of a cell that is important in synthesis

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15
Q

Epidermal tissue

A

Protective outer covering, allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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16
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Lines the body and body cavities, cells are packed together tightly to create a strong barrier

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17
Q

Ground tissue

A

Provide support, stores water and nutrients, allows for photosynthesis to occur

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18
Q

Interphase

A
  1. When the cell prepares for cell division by growing and by making copies of its organelles and DNA
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19
Q

meristematic tissue

A

Where growth occurs

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20
Q

Mesophyll

A

The two layers of cells inside of a plants leaves

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21
Q

Metaphase

A
  1. When the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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22
Q

Mitochondria

A

Supplies energy (parentheses the powerhouse of the cell)

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23
Q

Mitosis

A

When cells are created in the process of cell division

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24
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Helps you move

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25
Nervous Tissue
Responds to stimuli and sends signals
26
Nucleus
The control centre of the cell where DNA is stored
27
Organelles
The structures that perform specific functions within a cell
28
Osmosis
The equalization of concentrations on each side of a membrane
29
Phloem
Moves photosynthesized sugar
30
Photosynthesis
The process in which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water
31
Prophase
2. When DNA condenses and the nucleus disintegrates
32
Regeneration
Regrowth
33
Respiration
The involuntary act of breathing triggered by an increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood
34
Ribosome
A factory for protein synthesis in cells
35
Stem cell
Cells in Mira stomach tissue. These cells are unspecialized but can become other specialized types of cells
36
Stomata
A poor found in the epidermis of plants which allows for gas exchange (Breathing)
37
Telophase
5. When the cell divides the cytoplasm into two portions
38
Vacuole
Membrane-bound storage of nutrients
39
Vascular
Transports water and nutrients
40
Xylem
Moves water and minerals
41
Tumour
Cancerous growth
42
Benign tumour
Grows locally (non-harmful)
43
Malignant tumour
Cells invade and metastasize in the body (harmful)
44
Tissue
Groups of cells that work together to perform the same function
45
Digestive tract
The series of hollow organs through which food travels
46
Circulatory system
Circulates blood
47
Blood
Carries oxygen and nutrients to the cell and carbon dioxide away from the cell
48
Arteries
Vessels carrying blood away from the heart
49
Veins
Vessels carry blood back to the heart
50
Capillaires
Connect arteries and veins
51
Red blood cells
Contain hemoglobin which picks up oxygen
52
White blood cells
Fight infection
53
Platelets
Help stop bleeding
54
Pulse
The feeling of both heart ventricles contracting at the same time
55
Lymph
Transport fat and bacteria to the lymph nodes and spleen in order to be destroyed
56
Diagnostic image
A visual picture for a doctors diagnosis
57
Endoscope
A thin tube with a light and video camera
58
Thermogram
Infrared light cameras (problems with circulation)
59
X-ray
Can penetrate soft tissue but not bone (cancer, circulatory and respiratory problems, broken bones) can damage cells and increase risk of cancer
60
Body scanner
Radiation emitted by body scanners is absorbed by the skin and skin cancer risk is increased
61
CAT scan
Uses x-rays for a 3-D image (computed tomography - CT)
62
Fluoroscopy
Beams of x-ray produce moving images to show movement in the digestive and circulatory systems
63
Ultrasound
High frequency sound waves are reflected back by internal body structures to study soft tissue and organs (heart and babies)
64
MRI
Strong magnets and radio waves interact with hydrogen atoms in your body (water) to image the brain, heart, soft tissue and inside of bones diagnose cancer, brain disease and circulatory problems (magnetic resonance imaging)
65
PET scan
Nuclear medicine (radioisotope) that emits radiation the radioisotope is absorbed by certain tissues or organs for the diagnosis of cancer, heart disease and brain disorders

Science (5 decks)

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