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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anaphase

A
  1. When the chromosomes separate to opposite ends of the cell
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2
Q

Apoptosis

A

The controlled death of an unused cell

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3
Q

Cancer

A

When a cells ability to commit apoptosis is damaged and it continues to divide

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4
Q

Cell wall

A

A protective layer around the cell membrane that provides the cell with structural support

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

A protective barrier around the cell

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6
Q

Centriole

A

An organelle composed of protein

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7
Q

Chromatin

A

Is used to package long DNA molecules into compact dense shapes

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

A thread like structure in the nucleus that carries DNA

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9
Q

Connective tissue

A

Joins and supports structures

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A jelly like nutrient filled substance that fills the cell

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11
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  1. The final separation of cytoplasm into two distinct cells
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12
Q

Differentiation

A

The process where a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually the cell changes to a more specialized type

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

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14
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of sacs in the cytoplasm of a cell that is important in synthesis

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15
Q

Epidermal tissue

A

Protective outer covering, allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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16
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Lines the body and body cavities, cells are packed together tightly to create a strong barrier

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17
Q

Ground tissue

A

Provide support, stores water and nutrients, allows for photosynthesis to occur

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18
Q

Interphase

A
  1. When the cell prepares for cell division by growing and by making copies of its organelles and DNA
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19
Q

meristematic tissue

A

Where growth occurs

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20
Q

Mesophyll

A

The two layers of cells inside of a plants leaves

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21
Q

Metaphase

A
  1. When the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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22
Q

Mitochondria

A

Supplies energy (parentheses the powerhouse of the cell)

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23
Q

Mitosis

A

When cells are created in the process of cell division

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24
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Helps you move

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25
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Responds to stimuli and sends signals

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26
Q

Nucleus

A

The control centre of the cell where DNA is stored

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27
Q

Organelles

A

The structures that perform specific functions within a cell

28
Q

Osmosis

A

The equalization of concentrations on each side of a membrane

29
Q

Phloem

A

Moves photosynthesized sugar

30
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process in which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water

31
Q

Prophase

A
  1. When DNA condenses and the nucleus disintegrates
32
Q

Regeneration

A

Regrowth

33
Q

Respiration

A

The involuntary act of breathing triggered by an increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood

34
Q

Ribosome

A

A factory for protein synthesis in cells

35
Q

Stem cell

A

Cells in Mira stomach tissue. These cells are unspecialized but can become other specialized types of cells

36
Q

Stomata

A

A poor found in the epidermis of plants which allows for gas exchange (Breathing)

37
Q

Telophase

A
  1. When the cell divides the cytoplasm into two portions
38
Q

Vacuole

A

Membrane-bound storage of nutrients

39
Q

Vascular

A

Transports water and nutrients

40
Q

Xylem

A

Moves water and minerals

41
Q

Tumour

A

Cancerous growth

42
Q

Benign tumour

A

Grows locally (non-harmful)

43
Q

Malignant tumour

A

Cells invade and metastasize in the body (harmful)

44
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of cells that work together to perform the same function

45
Q

Digestive tract

A

The series of hollow organs through which food travels

46
Q

Circulatory system

A

Circulates blood

47
Q

Blood

A

Carries oxygen and nutrients to the cell and carbon dioxide away from the cell

48
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels carrying blood away from the heart

49
Q

Veins

A

Vessels carry blood back to the heart

50
Q

Capillaires

A

Connect arteries and veins

51
Q

Red blood cells

A

Contain hemoglobin which picks up oxygen

52
Q

White blood cells

A

Fight infection

53
Q

Platelets

A

Help stop bleeding

54
Q

Pulse

A

The feeling of both heart ventricles contracting at the same time

55
Q

Lymph

A

Transport fat and bacteria to the lymph nodes and spleen in order to be destroyed

56
Q

Diagnostic image

A

A visual picture for a doctors diagnosis

57
Q

Endoscope

A

A thin tube with a light and video camera

58
Q

Thermogram

A

Infrared light cameras (problems with circulation)

59
Q

X-ray

A

Can penetrate soft tissue but not bone (cancer, circulatory and respiratory problems, broken bones)

can damage cells and increase risk of cancer

60
Q

Body scanner

A

Radiation emitted by body scanners is absorbed by the skin and skin cancer risk is increased

61
Q

CAT scan

A

Uses x-rays for a 3-D image (computed tomography - CT)

62
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Beams of x-ray produce moving images to show movement in the digestive and circulatory systems

63
Q

Ultrasound

A

High frequency sound waves are reflected back by internal body structures to study soft tissue and organs (heart and babies)

64
Q

MRI

A

Strong magnets and radio waves interact with hydrogen atoms in your body (water) to image the brain, heart, soft tissue and inside of bones

diagnose cancer, brain disease and circulatory problems (magnetic resonance imaging)

65
Q

PET scan

A

Nuclear medicine (radioisotope) that emits radiation

the radioisotope is absorbed by certain tissues or organs for the diagnosis of cancer, heart disease and brain disorders

Science (5 decks)

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