Chemistry

Question 1

What do atoms consist of?

Answer 1

Sub-atomic particles - protons, neutrons & electrons

Question 2

Charges?

Answer 2

Protons: positive, Neutrons: neutral, Electrons: negitive

Question 3

Atom Structure?

Answer 3

Protons & Electrons are =

Neutrons are more than protons or = to

Question 4

What do Electrons do?

Answer 4

Electrons orbit the nucleus in electron shells
Electronic configuration
Max no of electrons in a shell is 2n2 (n2 is shell no)
Max in a shell will be 8 for first 20 elements

Question 5

What are isotopes?

Answer 5

Isotopes are elements with extra neutrons
eg C 6 / 12 (original)
C 6 / 13 (isotope)
- Carbon 14 isotope can be used to determine the age of fossils - “exponential decay”

Question 6

How do you excite Electrons?

Answer 6

Electrons can be excited through heat or electricity

Question 7

What does the Periodic Table have?

Answer 7

• name and symbol of elements
• similar properties arranged in the same ‘group’
• 7 horizontal ‘periods’
• 3 sections: metals, non-metals & semi-metals
• 3 blocks: transition metals, lanthanides & actinides

Question 8

Non-Metal qualities:

Answer 8

• Dull
• Low melting points when solid
• Often gases
• Don’t conduct electricity
• Solids are brittle

Question 9

Metal qualities:

Answer 9

• Shiny (metal lustre)
• High melting points when solid (generally)
• Often solids
• Conduct electricity & heat
• Are malleable (shapeable) & ductile (stretchable)

Question 10

What is a compound?

Answer 10

• Made up of 2 or more different atoms
• Bond to get the electronic configuration of noble gas
• Ionic: Metal & Non-Metal
  
  • Gain & lose electrons
• Metallic: Metal & Metal (strong 3D lattice)
  
  • Light reflects off the outside layer of the lattice to give
    “metallic lustre”
• Covalent: Non-Metal & Non-Metal
  
  • Don’t gain or lose electrons: share

Question 11

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 11

Groups of bonded atoms with charges

Question 12

Group 18:

Answer 12

• Most important (Noble Gases)
• Don’t react with any other elements
• Energetically stable
• 8 electrons in the outer shell except for Helium
• Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon

Question 13

Group 1:

Answer 13

• Alkali Metals
• All form +1 ions: lose 1 electron
• More reactive as you go down the group
• OH in the equation means it’s Alkali
• “more reactive” = lose electrons easier

Question 14

Group 2:

Answer 14

• Alkaline Earth Metals
• All form +2 ions: lose 2 electrons
• More reactive as you go down the group

Question 15

Group 17:

Answer 15

• Non-Metals
• Halogens
• All form -1 ions: gain 1 electron
• Less reactive as you go down the group