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Science - Grade 10 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

how do you find the # of neutrons?

A

mass # - atomic #

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2
Q

how do you find the number of protons?

A

atomic number

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3
Q

how do you write standard atomic notation?

A

atomic mass
chemical symbol
atomic number

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4
Q

how many elements are there and how many occur in nature?

A

118 elements

90 occur in nature

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5
Q

columns of elements share what things?

A

properties

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6
Q

valence electrons numbers:

A

2, 8, 8, 18

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7
Q

where are the protons, neutrons, and electrons located?

A

protons: nucleus
neutrons: nucleus
electrons: outer orbit (valence electrons)

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8
Q

do some BR diagrams

A

neutrons on top, protons on bottom

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9
Q

lewis dot diagrams

A

last shell of electrons only

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10
Q

how do you recognize that it’s a chemical change?

A
  1. new substance is produced
  2. a new odour/taste and/or colour is produced
  3. heat or light is produced
  4. bubbles of gas are formed
  5. a precipitate (insoluble solid) is formed
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11
Q

what is a compound?

A

2 or more elements combined chemically to form one compound.

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12
Q

what are ionic compounds?

A

made up of metal (negative ions) and non-metal (positive ions)

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13
Q

practice lewis diagram to ionic bond

A

:)

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14
Q

formula for chemical formulas and composition of compounds:

A

metal named first then non-metal –> ide

ex. sodium chloride –> NACL

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15
Q

writing formulas with multivalent metals:

A

ex. Iron (II) oxide –> FEO

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16
Q

naming multivalent metals:

A

ex. Ni2O –> Ni (I) oxide

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17
Q

practice polyatomic ions:

A

don’t end in “ide”

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18
Q

practice covalent/molecular compounds:

A

:)

19
Q

what are the prefixes?

A 
1-mono
2-di
3-tri
4-tetra
5-penta
6-hexa
7-hepta
8-octa
9-nona
10-deca

*if there is only one of the first element, skip the prefix (mono) but you would put mono if tere is only one for the second element

20
Q

write the names for the covalent compounds

A

ex. Silicon DiOxide

21
Q

ionic has what?

A

both metals and non-metals in it

22
Q

practice balancing equations:

A

:)

23
Q

***what do we need HOFBrINCl for?

A

????

24
Q

practice word equations

A

:)

25
Q 
what do:
aq
s
g
l 
stand for?
A

aq - water
s - solid
g - gas
l - liquid

26
Q

practice naming acids:

A
  • must have H in the beginning
  • ate –> ic
  • ite –> ous
  • ide –> “hydro” at the beginning end in “ic”
27
Q

what are the types of chemical reactions?

A
  • synthesis
  • decomposition
  • single displacement
  • double displacement
  • combustion
28
Q

what is synthesis?

A
  • two simple reactants combine to make one larger or more complex product
    ex. A + B –> AB
29
Q

what is decomposition?

A
  • single compound breaks down into smaller compounds or elements
  • will always have only one compound as a reactant

ex. AB –> A + B (2 or more)

30
Q

what is single displacement?

A
  • one element replaces another in a compound (metal will take another metal’s place)
    ex. A + BC –> B + AC
31
Q

what is double displacement?

A
  • two elements replace one another

ex. AB + CD –> AD + CB

32
Q

what is combustion?

A
  • rapid reaction of fuel with oxygen. a hydrocarbon will always produce carbon dioxide and water in an ample supply of oxygen
    ex. CS2 + O2 –> CO2 + 2SO2
33
Q

what are the properties of acids?

A
  • contain H+
  • water-soluble
  • sour
  • corrosive
  • conduct electricity
34
Q

what are the properties of bases?

A
  • contain OH1-
  • soluble in water
  • bitter
  • slippery
  • corrosive
  • conduct electricity
    another word for basic is alkaline
35
Q

bromthymol blue indicator:

A

acid - yellow

base - blue

36
Q

phenolphthalein indicator:

A

acid - colourless

base - pink

37
Q

litmus paper test:

A

acid - red

base - blue

38
Q

what is the pH scale used to measure?

A

how acidic or basic a substance is

39
Q

what numbers are a strong acid?

A

1,2

weak acid –> 3,4,5,6

40
Q

what number is a strong base?

A

13,14

weak base –> 8,9,10,11,12

41
Q

what is the number for neutral on pH scale?

ex. distilled water

A

7

42
Q

learn logarithmic scale (pH)

A

:)

43
Q

what happens when an acid reacts with a base?

A

makes water (neutralization)

Science - Grade 10 (4 decks)

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