Chemistry Flashcards
how do you find the # of neutrons?
mass # - atomic #
how do you find the number of protons?
atomic number
how do you write standard atomic notation?
atomic mass
chemical symbol
atomic number
how many elements are there and how many occur in nature?
118 elements
90 occur in nature
columns of elements share what things?
properties
valence electrons numbers:
2, 8, 8, 18
where are the protons, neutrons, and electrons located?
protons: nucleus
neutrons: nucleus
electrons: outer orbit (valence electrons)
do some BR diagrams
neutrons on top, protons on bottom
lewis dot diagrams
last shell of electrons only
how do you recognize that it’s a chemical change?
- new substance is produced
- a new odour/taste and/or colour is produced
- heat or light is produced
- bubbles of gas are formed
- a precipitate (insoluble solid) is formed
what is a compound?
2 or more elements combined chemically to form one compound.
what are ionic compounds?
made up of metal (negative ions) and non-metal (positive ions)
practice lewis diagram to ionic bond
:)
formula for chemical formulas and composition of compounds:
metal named first then non-metal –> ide
ex. sodium chloride –> NACL
writing formulas with multivalent metals:
ex. Iron (II) oxide –> FEO
naming multivalent metals:
ex. Ni2O –> Ni (I) oxide
practice polyatomic ions:
don’t end in “ide”
practice covalent/molecular compounds:
:)
what are the prefixes?
1-mono 2-di 3-tri 4-tetra 5-penta 6-hexa 7-hepta 8-octa 9-nona 10-deca
*if there is only one of the first element, skip the prefix (mono) but you would put mono if tere is only one for the second element
write the names for the covalent compounds
ex. Silicon DiOxide
ionic has what?
both metals and non-metals in it
practice balancing equations:
:)
***what do we need HOFBrINCl for?
????
practice word equations
:)
what do: aq s g l stand for?
aq - water
s - solid
g - gas
l - liquid
practice naming acids:
- must have H in the beginning
- ate –> ic
- ite –> ous
- ide –> “hydro” at the beginning end in “ic”
what are the types of chemical reactions?
- synthesis
- decomposition
- single displacement
- double displacement
- combustion
what is synthesis?
- two simple reactants combine to make one larger or more complex product
ex. A + B –> AB
what is decomposition?
- single compound breaks down into smaller compounds or elements
- will always have only one compound as a reactant
ex. AB –> A + B (2 or more)
what is single displacement?
- one element replaces another in a compound (metal will take another metal’s place)
ex. A + BC –> B + AC
what is double displacement?
- two elements replace one another
ex. AB + CD –> AD + CB
what is combustion?
- rapid reaction of fuel with oxygen. a hydrocarbon will always produce carbon dioxide and water in an ample supply of oxygen
ex. CS2 + O2 –> CO2 + 2SO2
what are the properties of acids?
- contain H+
- water-soluble
- sour
- corrosive
- conduct electricity
what are the properties of bases?
- contain OH1-
- soluble in water
- bitter
- slippery
- corrosive
- conduct electricity
another word for basic is alkaline
bromthymol blue indicator:
acid - yellow
base - blue
phenolphthalein indicator:
acid - colourless
base - pink
litmus paper test:
acid - red
base - blue
what is the pH scale used to measure?
how acidic or basic a substance is
what numbers are a strong acid?
1,2
weak acid –> 3,4,5,6
what number is a strong base?
13,14
weak base –> 8,9,10,11,12
what is the number for neutral on pH scale?
ex. distilled water
7
learn logarithmic scale (pH)
:)
what happens when an acid reacts with a base?
makes water (neutralization)
