Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the atomic number determine?

A

The atomic number can allow us to identify the number of protons in an element.

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2
Q

What does the atomic mass tell us?

A

The atomic mass determines the total amount of protons and neutrons in an element.

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3
Q

What causes an atom to become a negative ion?

A

If an atom gains electrons, it is considered a negative ion or ‘anion’.

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4
Q

What causes an atom to become a positive ion?

A

When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion or ‘cation’.

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5
Q

What is graphite an example of?

A

Graphite is a non-metal.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a pH scale?

A

The pH scale measures the amount of hydrogen (H+) ions in a solution to determine whether it is acidic or basic.

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7
Q

What pH does an acid have?

A

An acid has a pH less than 7.

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8
Q

What pH does a base have?

A

A base has a pH level over 7.

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9
Q

What are some properties of acids?

A

Acids:

  • have a pH less than 7
  • turns blue litmus paper red
  • releases hydrogen ions into solution
  • are corrosive
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10
Q

What are some properties of bases?

A

Bases:

  • have a pH more than 7
  • turns red litmus paper blue
  • releases hydroxide ions into solution
  • are caustic or corrosive
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11
Q

What is an alloy?

A

An alloy is a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements. E.g. brass, steel and copper.

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12
Q

What is a metalloid?

A

A metalloid is an element whose properties are a mix of both metals and non-metals. E.g. boron, silicon and arsenic

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13
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made up of one type of atom.

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14
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

Allotropes are the different physical forms in which an element can exist ie. diamond, graphite and charcoal are allotropes of carbon.

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15
Q

What does it mean when a substance is called ‘ductile’?

A

Substances which are considered ‘ductile’ can be stretched into wires without breaking. Examples of ductile substances are gold, silver and copper.

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16
Q

What happens to the pH of a substance when water is added to it?

A

The pH will rise since water dilutes the acid - making it more basic. Water also contains hydrogen which what is measured by the pH scale.

17
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis?

A

6CO_2 + 6H_2O = C_6 H_12 O_6 + 6O_2

18
Q

What is the worded equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

19
Q

What is the worded equation for a combustion reaction?

A

Methane + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

20
Q

What is the worded equation for corrosion?

A

Metal + water + oxygen = rust (metal oxide)

21
Q

What is the worded equation of a reaction with acid and carbonate?

A

Acid + carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide gas

22
Q

What is the worded equation for the reaction with acid and metal?

A

Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen

23
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation?

A

Acid + base = salt + water

24
Q

How do you find the group that an element belongs to?

A

You must find the electron configuration of the element and the number of electrons in the outermost shell is its group number.

25
Q

How do you find the period that an element belongs to?

A

The number of electron shells the element has, determines the period it is in.

26
Q

What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?

A

When a reaction is endothermic, it absorbs heat and cools surroundings e.g. melting ice cubes. When a reaction is exothermic, it releases heat and causes the temperature of surroundings to rise e.g. combustion of wood.