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Science Year 9 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is an atom

A

The smallest unit into which matter can be divided

The building blocks of all matter

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2
Q

What is an atom made up of

A

Subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)

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3
Q

What are protons charge?

A

+1

Positively charged

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4
Q

Where are protons located in an atom

A

In the nucleus

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5
Q

What charge do neutrons have?

A

0

No electric charge

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6
Q

Where are neutrons located in an atom

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

What contributes to the atomic mass of an atom

A

The protons and neutrons

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8
Q

What is the mass of a proton

A

1

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9
Q

What is the mass of a neutron

A

1

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10
Q

What is the mass of an electron

A

1/1800

Basically 0

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11
Q

What is the charge of electrons

A

-1

Negatively charged

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12
Q

Where are electrons found in an atom

A

Outside of the nucleus: in the orbitals/ shells

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13
Q

How many electrons can the first orbital hold?

A

2

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14
Q

How many electrons can the second orbital hold?

A

8

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15
Q

How many electrons can the outside orbital hold

A

8

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16
Q

What is another name for the outside shell?

A

Valence Shell

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17
Q

What is valency

A

The ‘bonding power’ of an element

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18
Q

How is valency determined

A

By the number of outer (valence) electrons

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19
Q

How are elements grouped

A

By their valency

Outer electrons

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20
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

The most stable arrangement of electrons is a full outer shell (2 for the first shell and 8 for the others)

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21
Q

What is the atomic mass equation

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

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22
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction.

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23
Q

How does a catalyst speed up the chemical reaction?

A

Be lowering the activation energy (EA)

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24
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction releasing energy (as heat)

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25
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction absorbing energy (as heat)
26
In a reaction coordinate diagram, what does the delta h represent?
The change in energy (enthalpy)
27
What is radiation?
Particles or waves emitted by radioactive substances
28
What is a Geiger counter?
A device for measuring radioactivity
29
What is combustion?
When a substance reacts with oxygen and releases energy
30
What is a fuel?
Any substance that reacts with oxygen and releases energy
31
What does universal indicator do
It indicates the pH of substances by changing colour in different concentrations of h+ ions
32
What is a substances pH?
It’s concentration of H+
33
What are acids?
Substances that release H+ ions when they dissolve in water
34
What is a H+ ion?
A hydrogen atom that has lost its electron
35
What are bases?
Substances that absorb hydrogen ions
36
What is an alkali?
A base soluble in water | All alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis
37
What are reactants?
The things that go into a chemical reaction
38
What are the products?
The things that are made in a chemical reaction
39
What is the law of Conservation of Mass?
The mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants
40
What happens to the atomic number and mass number when when an atoms nucleus decays and releases an alpha particle
The mass number decreases by 4 | The atomic number decreases by 2
41
What happens to the atomic number and mass number when when an atoms nucleus decays and releases a beta particle
Mass number stays the same | Atomic number increases by 1
42
What are 4 uses of radiation?
X-ray, Microwave Radio Chemotherapy
43
What are the 7 different levels on the electromagnetic spectrum
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays
44
Why are alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays classified as forms of ionising radiation?
Because they have the ability to remove electrons from atoms and molecules
45
Why are alpha particles the least dangerous radiation?
Cause they are too slow and big to break through things
46
What will make an atom radioactive?
The nucleus is unstable and so it emits particles or waves to form a more stable atom
47
What pigment does photosynthesis use to absorb sunlight?
Chlorophyll
48
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is respiration with oxygen and anaerobic is without
49
Which is more effective- aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic is 17x more efficient
50
Metal + acid =
Salt and hydrogen
51
Acid and alkali =
Salt and water
52
Acid + metal hydroxide
Salt and water
53
Acid + metal carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
54
What are acids?
Proton donators (release H+ ions)
55
What are bases?
Proton acceptors (absorb H+ ions)
56
What is the pH?
Measure of the number of H+ ions in a solution
57
Do strong acids have a high or low pH?
Strong acids-lower pH | Weak acids- higher pH
58
What is the valency of each element group?
1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8 | 1|2|3|4|3|2|1|0
59
What are ions?
Charged atoms
60
How are ions formed?
When electrons move from one atom to another
61
What determines whether an ion is positive or negative?
If an electron leaves then that atom becomes a positive ion (cation) If an atom gains an electron it becomes a negative anion (anion)
62
What is an element?
A substance made up of only one type of atom | E.g. hydrogen H
63
What is a compound?
A substance that is made up of 2 or more different types of atom chemically joined E.g. water H2O
64
How do you find out the chemical formula
S- Substance |. Be C V- Valency |. 2 4 S- Swap |. 4 2 D- Divide |. 2 1 F-formula |. Be2Cl
65
What is the chemical formula for lithium and boron?
Li3B
66
What do you call a positive ion
Cation
67
What do you call a negative ion
Anion
68
What is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid?
H2SO4
69
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid
HCI
70
What is the chemical formula for phosphoric acid
H3PO4

Science Year 9 (4 decks)

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