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Science Year 9 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of all respiratory organs?

A
  • large surface area
  • moistened surface to dissolve oxygen
  • thin and freely permeable to gases
  • transport system to cells
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2
Q

What do anabolic reactions do?

A

Form bonds between molecules

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3
Q

What do catabolic reactions do?

A

Break bonds between molecules

E.g. digestion

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4
Q

What are enzymes?

A 
Biological catalysts 
(Increases rate of biological reaction, but does not get used up)
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5
Q

What 5 things do all circulatory systems have?

A 
fluid 
Pump to push fluid 
Vessels to distribute blood 
Exchange organs 
Transport of oxygen + carbon doixide to and from Gas exchange organ
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6
Q

What is the difference between venom and poison?

A

Poison-can just be in contact

Venom-has to be injected

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7
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A
  • carry digested food to areas in the body that need it
  • carry oxygen from gas exchange organ to the rest of the body
  • aid in disposal of waste from the body
  • distribute heat
  • fight diseases using white blood cells
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8
Q

8 parts of the endocrine system

A
  • pituitary gland
  • thyroid gland
  • adrenal glands
  • testicles
  • pineal gland
  • parathyroid glands
  • pancreas
  • ovaries
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9
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Chemical messengers

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10
Q

How do enzymes travel?

A

Through the bloodstream

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11
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Bind to the cell and change the way it acts

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12
Q

Features of arteries

A
  • carry blood away from the heart
  • have a pulse
  • thick walls
  • deep under skin
  • no valves
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13
Q

Features of veins

A
  • carry blood to the heart
  • don’t have a pulse
  • thin walls
  • near surface of skin
  • valves to stop back-flow of blood
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14
Q

Features of capillaries

A
  • small blood vessels acting as veins and arteries

- walls 1 cell thick so substances can get through them

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15
Q

What is a substrate?

A

A reactant which binds to an enzyme

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16
Q

What is a product (enzymes)

A

End result of a chemical reaction between enzyme and substrate

17
Q

What are the properties of enzymes?

A
  • reaction specific

- not consumed in reaction, can be used to catalyse thousands of reactions per second

18
Q

What are carbohydrates, lipids and proteins broken down into?

A

Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose
Lipids are broken down into fatty acids
Proteins are broken down into amino acids

19
Q

What is a respiratory surface?

A

the membrane which gas exchange occurs across and is responsible for the diffusion of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood

20
Q

Types of gas exchange

A
  • Round, ordinary cell
  • flat cell
  • external gills
  • internal gills
  • lungs
  • trachea
21
Q

Why should you breath through your nose?

A

When air is breathed through the nose, it is:

  • warmed by capillaries in nostrils
  • moistened by mucus
  • cleaned and filtered by hair, mucus and saliva
22
Q

Gas exchange in insects

A
  • oxygen enters spiracles, travels to trachea and then through tracheoles to reach body cells
  • Insects have a substance called hemolymph in place of blood
23
Q

Gas exchange in fish

A
  • Oxygen is dissolved in ocean water

- Gills move forward and process oxygen to allow respiration

24
Q

What is good about an open system

A
  • Less metabolic energy to build
  • Less metabolic energy to run
  • Can function as a hydrostatic

Most invertebrates have open systems, (some have closed)

25
Q

What is good about a closed system?

A
  • Maintain higher pressure
  • Supply more oxygen
  • Better transport systems

All vertebrates have closed systems

26
Q

What is the heart?

A

the internal organ which pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation.

27
Q

How many chambers does a mammal’s heart have?

A

4

28
Q

How many chambers do bird’s hearts have?

A

4 (no link)

29
Q

How many chambers does a fish’s heart have?

A

2

30
Q

How many chambers does a reptiles heart have?

A

3

31
Q

How many chambers does an amphibians heart have?

A

3 (no link)

32
Q

How does the nervous system coordinate a response?

A
  • a stimulus is detected within the body
  • An electrical impulse is sent to the brain
  • Brain processes the information
  • an electrical impulse is sent to an effector (muscle)
  • The effector produces a response

Science Year 9 (4 decks)

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